Omphalos - Omphalos

Japanese: オンファロス - おんふぁろす
Omphalos - Omphalos

...In ancient Asia Minor, the Phrygian goddess Cybele had a black stone as her deity, but this stone was brought all the way to Rome in 204 B.C. during the Second Punic War, and was worshipped by the ancient Romans as the goddess who saved the country from the fierce attack of Hannibal. In the inner sanctum of the temple of Apollo in Delphi, ancient Greece, a sacred stone modeled after the omphalos, the navel of the earth Gaia, was placed there to indicate that it was the center of the world. It has been confirmed from customs remaining in various places in France that the worship of a stone representing the center of the world, similar to the omphalos, was also popular among the Celts. It is certain that the worship of sacred stones was already taking place in Japan during the Jomon period, in the form of a ritual with a stone club clearly in the shape of a penis. ...

From [Earth Spirit]

...The myth of Apollo shooting the monster Python with an arrow, the legend of George killing a dragon, and the story of Susanoo killing the Yamata no Orochi (Yamata no Orochi) all seem to reflect this situation to some extent. The stone placed to hold down the slain monster is often called the "navel of the world," and in Delphi there is a stone called Omphalos (meaning "navel") that is said to be holding down Python. In addition, dragons in China and snakes, catfish, and centipedes in Japan are sometimes depicted as geospirits.

From Python

…To atone for his sins, Apollo established the Pythian funeral games and gave the name Pythia to the priestess of his newly established oracle. He also buried Python's remains under the sacred stone Ompharos (meaning "navel", indicating that the place was the center of the world) in the Temple of Apollo in Delphi. [Tomohiro Mizutani]. …

From [Navel]

…The idea of ​​finding a center somewhere in the land they lived on and corresponding to the navel, the center of the physical body, was common among ancient people. The temple of Apollo at Delphi on Mount Parnassus in Greece had an umbilical cord (omphalos). The Greek word omphalos also has the dual meaning of center and navel, but the Delphic omphalos was thought to be the center of the earth. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Omphalos" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…古代の小アジアでも,フリュギアの大女神キュベレは,黒石を神体としていたが,その石が第2次ポエニ戦争の最中の前204年に,はるばるローマまでもたらされ,ハンニバルの猛攻から国を救った女神として,古代ローマ人の崇拝を受けることになった。古代ギリシアのデルフォイのアポロン神殿の奥殿には,そこが世界の中心であることを示すため,大地ガイアのへそオンファロスOmphalosをかたどった聖石が安置されていたが,このオンファロスに似た世界の中心を表す石の崇拝は,ケルト人のあいだでも盛んだったことが,フランスの諸処に残る習俗などから,確かめられている。聖石の崇拝は,日本においても縄文時代にすでに,明らかに男根をかたどった〈石棒〉の祭祀などの形で,行われていたことが確実と思われる。…

【地霊】より

…怪物ピュトンを矢で射殺すアポロンの神話,竜を殺すゲオルギウスの伝説,また八岐大蛇(やまたのおろち)を退治する素戔嗚尊(すさのおのみこと)の物語などは多少ともこのような事情を反映していると思われる。そして殺害された怪物を押さえる目的で置かれる石はしばしば〈世界のへそ=中心〉と呼ばれ,デルフォイにはピュトンを押さえつけているという石オンファロスOmphalos(〈へそ〉の意)がある。このほか,中国では竜,日本では蛇やナマズあるいはムカデなどが地霊的なものとして表現されることがある。…

【ピュトン】より

…アポロンはその罪滅ぼしに,葬礼競技ピュティア祭の開催を定め,新たに開いたみずからの神託所の巫女にはピュティアPythiaの名を与えた。彼はまたピュトンの遺骸を,デルフォイのアポロン神殿の聖石オンファロスOmpharos(〈へそ〉の意で,同地が世界の中心たることを示す)の下に葬ったという。【水谷 智洋】。…

【臍】より

…このように自分たちの住む土地のどこかに中心を見いだしてこれを肉体の中心であるへそに対応させる考えは,古代の人々にあまねくみられた。ギリシアのパルナッソス山にあるデルフォイのアポロン神殿には臍石(オンファロス)がある。ギリシア語のオンファロスomphalosにも中心とへその両義があるが,デルフォイのオンファロスが大地の中心であると思われていた。…

※「オンファロス」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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