Disarray - Chaos

Japanese: 乱 - みだれ

The titles of Japanese music pieces, Noh music and koto music are famous. (1) In Noh, the dance parts of "Shojo" and "Sagi" are called "ran". "Shojo" is originally a "middle dance", but when a special performance is performed, the "ran" music is used, and the overall title of the Noh piece is called "Shojoran" or "ran". The dance is a series of special forms, and there are many different performances for each style, including dances with two or several people. The music is played with flutes, large and small drums, and drums, and there are various ways to do it depending on the style and performance, just like the dance. The dance of "Sagi" is always "ran", but the music and form are different from "Shojo". The costume is unified in white, in contrast to the red of "Shojo", and there are special techniques such as a form that represents flapping wings. (2) In koto music, it is written as "Ranrinzetsu" and is also called "Midare Rinzetsu", but it is also called simply "Midare". It is one of the danmono (staged instrumental pieces), but exceptionally, the number of beats in each stage is not fixed, and the division of stages varies depending on the school. "Rinzetsu" in "Itochiku Shoshinshu" is considered to be close to the original, but several versions that have been developed from it have been handed down in the Tsukushi koto, and in koto music after Yatsuhashi Kengyo, a different development and more complicated version has been handed down. The current version is generally considered to be composed by Yatsuhashi Kengyo, but there is also a different theory that it is Kurahashi Kengyo. It is currently performed in both the Ikuta school and the Yamada school. The alternative version is the one in Hira-cho (flat key) composed by Yaezaki Kengyo (some revisions were made by Yamaguchi Iwao) in Kyoto, which is called "Kyo-ran", and the one in Hon-Kumo-cho (hon-kumo-i key) composed by Noda Kengyo of the Ikuta school in Edo, which is called "Kumo-ran", is also performed in the Yamada school.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

日本音楽の曲名，能の囃子と箏曲とが有名。 (1) 能では『猩々 (しょうじょう) 』と『鷺 (さぎ) 』の舞の部分を「乱」という。『猩々』は本来「中の舞」であるが，特殊な演出を行う場合に「乱」の囃子を用い，能としての全体の曲名を『猩々乱』あるいは『乱』という。舞は特殊な形の連続であって，流儀差が著しく，それぞれいくつもの演出があり，2人または数人の舞もある。また囃子は，笛，大小鼓，太鼓で奏するが，舞同様に流儀，演出によってさまざまなやり方がある。『鷺』の舞は常に「乱」であるが『猩々』とは曲も型も異なり，装束も『猩々』が赤を基調とするのと対照的に白で統一され，舞のなかに羽ばたきを表わす型など特殊な技巧がある。 (2) 箏曲では，「乱輪舌」と書いて「みだれりんぜつ」ともいうが，単に「みだれ」ともいう。器楽曲である段物の一つであるが，例外的に各段の拍数も一定しておらず，またその段分けも流派によって異なる。『糸竹初心集』収載の「りんぜつ」が原曲に近いものとして考えられるが，これを発展させたものが，筑紫箏にも数種伝承され，八橋検校以降の箏曲では異なる展開を示して複雑化したものが伝承されている。現行のものの作曲者は一応八橋検校とされるが，倉橋検校とする異説もある。現在の生田流，山田流の両方で演奏される。替手は，京都で八重崎検校 (山口巌の補作もある) 作曲の平調子のものが行われ，これを「京乱」といい，江戸の生田流の野田検校の作曲した本雲井調子のものは「雲井乱」といい，山田流でも行われる。

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