Tsumoto

Japanese: 津元 - つもと

In the Edo period, this term was used to refer to the managers of fishing businesses that mainly engaged in vertical net fishing in fishing villages such as Uchiura, Izu (present-day Numazu City). Many of them were descendants of the founders of fishing grounds (amido and amido), and they controlled the amido groups that operated there. The tsumoto's share of the land was divided into stocks and sometimes subject to sale and transfer, and the tsumoto also owned most of the amido stocks. Although there were some differences between the six villages of Uchiura Group and the five villages of Eri, the tsumoto were generally head farmers, who served as village headmen and group leaders, and led the amido farmers. However, disputes between tsumoto (headmen) and amido (farmers) over the distribution of fishing shares became more frequent as time went on, and after several disputes in Eri Village, the tsumoto office was abolished in 1873 (Meiji 6) and changed to joint management.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

江戸時代，伊豆国内浦(現，沼津市)などの漁村で立網漁を主とする漁業の経営者を指した呼称。漁場(網戸･網度)開創者の子孫が多く，そこで操業する網組を支配した。津元の得分は株化して分割され，売買譲与の対象となることもあり，また津元は網度株（あんどかぶ）の大部分の所持者でもあった。内浦組6ヵ村，江梨5村で若干の相違はあるが，津元はおおむね長（おとな）百姓で村の名主･組頭役をつとめ，網子百姓らを統率した。しかし魚漁得分の配分などをめぐり，津元(名主)･網子(百姓)間の係争も時代が下るとともに頻発し，江梨村では数度の紛糾の後，1873年(明治6)津元役を廃して共同経営に転換している。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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