Tsetse fly

Japanese: ツェツェバエ - つぇつぇばえ(英語表記)tsetse fly
Tsetse fly

A general term for insects in the family Glossinidae of the suborder Cyclorrhaphyte, class Insecta. The body length is medium to large for flies, with medium-sized species measuring 6-9 mm and large species measuring 10-14 mm. They are brown or dark brown. The proboscis is needle-shaped and protrudes forward from the underside of the head. The central chamber of the wings is hatchet-shaped, and the antennal spines have a row of bifurcated hairs only on the dorsal side. The wings rest stacked on the dorsal side of the abdomen. They are swift in movement, attacking humans and livestock to suck their blood.

There are 22 known species in this family, all native to Africa. They are important for hygiene as they transmit Trypanosoma brucei, the pathogen of African sleeping sickness and nagana disease. They are viviparous, with eggs hatching in the uterus, and the larvae mature by absorbing nutrients secreted from the mother's uterine accessory glands (milk glands). The third-instar larvae are rounded maggots that are laid when they mature into pre-pupal stages and immediately burrow into the soil to pupate. One larva matures in the uterus at a time. The pupa is black-brown and bomb-shaped. Adults are commonly found in forests and savannas, and pupae are found in dry, rough soil under fallen logs, at the base of large trees, and in the shade of rocks. Adults are attracted by the carbon dioxide in the animals' breath and fly to suck blood. The most well-known is the savanna tsetse fly, Glossina morsitans , which is found from northern Sudan to the Transvaal and transmits Rhodesian Trypanosoma.

[Hiroshi Kurahashi]

Major types of flies (1) The omental group - valvate flies [specimen drawing]
©Tatsuo Ikeda ©Kenzo Otawa ©Kei Daishoji ">

Major types of flies (1) Buccal group - petals-winged…


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

昆虫綱双翅(そうし)目環縫亜目ツェツェバエ科Glossinidaeの昆虫の総称。体長はハエ類では中形から大形で、中形種が体長6~9ミリメートル、大形種が10~14ミリメートル。褐色もしくは暗褐色。口吻(こうふん)は針状、頭部下部より前方に突出している。はねの中室が手斧(ておの)形で、触角端刺には背面にのみ二叉(にさ)に分かれた毛を列生する。はねは腹部背面に重ねて静止する。動作は敏速で、人畜を襲撃して吸血する。

 本科には22種が知られ、すべてアフリカ産である。アフリカの睡眠病やナガナ病などの病原体であるトリパノソーマを媒介するので衛生上重要である。胎生で、卵は子宮内で孵化(ふか)し、幼虫は母虫の子宮付属腺(せん)(ミルク腺)から分泌される栄養を吸収し成熟する。3齢幼虫は丸みをもったウジで、前蛹(ぜんよう)に成熟すると産下され、ただちに土中に潜って蛹化する。幼虫は一度に1匹が子宮で成熟する。蛹(さなぎ)は黒褐色で爆弾形をしている。成虫は森林やサバンナに多くみられ、蛹は倒木の下、大きな木の根元、岩陰などの乾燥した粗い土中に発見される。成虫は動物の呼気中の二酸化炭素に誘引されて吸血に飛来する。サバンナツェツェバエGlossina morsitansが有名で、この種は北スーダンからトランスバールまで分布し、ローデシアトリパノソーマを媒介する。

[倉橋 弘]

ハエのおもな種類(1)有額嚢群―有弁翅蠅類〔標本画〕
©池田達夫 ©大多和鐘三 ©大聖寺慶">

ハエのおもな種類(1)有額嚢群―有弁翅…


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