Wage statistics - Chingin Tokei (English spelling)

A general term for statistics relating to wages in general, focusing on trends in wage receipts and understanding the actual wage structure by industry and company size, and including salary increases, lump-sum payments, retirement benefits, and even wages paid in connection with production activities.

It is generally believed that the main pillars of wage statistics are wage rate statistics, which grasp the remuneration for the contribution of labor in a specific occupation to production, and actual wage statistics, which grasp the total wage as the distribution of the fruits of economic activity to workers. In particular, in Western countries where the classification of labor by occupation and the custom of paying wages for each occupation are clearly defined, it can be said that the main pillar of wage statistics is wage rate statistics. In contrast, in Japan, there is no clear correspondence between occupation and wage, and the social structure in which factors such as the difference in the industry and size of the company to which the worker belongs, years of service, and gender have a stronger influence on wage disparities, even for the same occupation. Reflecting this, the Japanese wage statistics system places more emphasis on actual wage statistics than on wage rate statistics.

Japan's wage statistics are surveyed and compiled mainly by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, the National Personnel Authority, the National Tax Agency, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, etc. In addition, wage-related statistics are also obtained from statistical surveys conducted by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, etc. The most comprehensive of these are the "Monthly Labor Survey" (Designated Statistics No. 7) and the "Basic Survey on Wage Structure" (Designated Statistics No. 94) conducted by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. The "Monthly Labor Survey" is conducted at all business establishments nationwide as of the end of each month with the aim of grasping the time-series trends in wage payments, employment, and working hours by industry. The survey results are published as the "Monthly Labor Survey Report" and the "Labor Statistics Survey Monthly Report" in two separate national and regional surveys. The "Basic Survey on Wage Structure" is conducted at all business establishments nationwide stratified by industry and size of regular employees, and investigates the amount of cash wages in accordance with business content, occupation, educational background, years of service, etc., in order to grasp the wage structure and wage determining factors. This survey is conducted as of the end of June every year, and the results are published as the "Basic Survey on Wage Structure" and included in the "Annual Report on Labor Statistics." In addition, there is the "Survey on Private Sector Wages by Occupation" (National Personnel Authority), which is conducted to create basic data for comparing the wages of private sector employees and public servants by occupation, and wage surveys of workers in specific industries such as forestry and fishery workers and seamen (relevant ministries), and statistics on labor costs are obtained as part of surveys on production and corporate management, such as the "Industrial Statistics Survey" (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry) and the "Corporate Enterprise Statistics Survey" (Ministry of Finance).

[Tadashi Takashima]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

賃金受取額の推移、産業別・企業規模別などの賃金構造の実態の把握を中心にし、昇給、一時金、退職金、さらには生産活動に伴う支払賃金なども含んだ賃金一般にかかわる統計に対する総称。

　賃金統計の柱は、特定職種の労働の生産への寄与に対する報酬を把握する賃金率統計と、経済活動の成果の労働者への分配としての賃金総額を把握する実収賃金統計とであると一般に考えられている。とくに、職種ごとの労働区分と、職種に対する賃金支払いの慣行が明確な欧米諸国においては、賃金統計の柱は、賃金率統計に置かれているといってよい。それに対して、日本の場合は、そのような職種と賃金との明確な対応関係は認められず、同一職種であっても、その労働者の所属する産業や企業規模の相違、勤続年数、性別などの要因のほうが賃金格差に強く働く社会形態であるため、そのことの反映として、日本の賃金統計の体系は、賃金率統計よりも実収賃金統計に重点が置かれたものとなっている。

　日本の賃金統計は、厚生労働省を中心として、人事院、国税庁、国土交通省、農林水産省などで調査、作成されており、そのほかに、総務省、経済産業省などでの統計調査からも付随的に賃金関係の統計が得られる。そのなかでもっとも包括的なものは、厚生労働省による「毎月勤労統計調査」（指定統計第7号）と「賃金構造基本統計調査」（指定統計第94号）である。「毎月勤労統計調査」は、おもに産業別の賃金支払額、雇用、労働時間の時系列的推移の把握を目的に、毎月末現在で全国の事業所を対象に行われるものである。その調査結果は、全国調査と地方調査とに分けて、『毎月勤労統計調査報告』および『労働統計調査月報』として公表されている。「賃金構造基本統計調査」は、産業別、常用労働者規模別に層化された全国の事業所を対象に、事業内容、職種、学歴、勤続年数などに対応して現金給与額などを調査し、賃金構造および賃金決定要因を把握しようとするものである。この調査は毎年6月末日現在で行われ、その結果は「賃金構造基本統計調査」として、また『労働統計年報』のなかに包含して公表されている。そのほかに、民間企業職員と公務員との職種別給与比較の基礎資料を作成するために行われる「職種別民間給与実態調査」（人事院）、林業・漁業従事者、船員などの特定業種労働者に対する賃金調査（関係各省）があり、また、「工業統計調査」（経済産業省）、「法人企業統計調査」（財務省）などの生産、企業経営に関する調査の一部として労務費に関する統計が得られる。

［高島　忠］

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