Webster, Daniel

Japanese: ウェブスター（英語表記）Webster， Daniel
Webster, Daniel
Born January 18, 1782 in Salisbury, New Hampshire
Died October 24, 1852. Marshfield, Massachusetts. American lawyer. Representative Federalist politician in the Northeast. Opposed the American-British War (1812) and advocated a peaceful resolution. Elected to the House of Representatives in 1812 and entered politics. In 1816, he played an active role in establishing the Second Bank of the United States, but opposed the first Protective Tariff Act (16) because traders' interests were greater than those of manufacturers in his home state of New England, and it would put him at a disadvantage politically. In 1827, he was elected to the U.S. Senate from Massachusetts. He supported the protective tariffs of 1828, known as the "Abominable Tariff Act," because of the development of industry in the North. He was an eloquent speaker, and his debate with R. Hayne in 1830 is famous. In it, he stated that the federation took precedence over the states, and that "liberty and the federation are and will forever be one and inseparable." In 1834, he formed the Whig Party with H. Clay and other anti-Jackson forces. In 1841, he became Secretary of State. After the Webster-Ashburton Treaty was signed in 1842, he resigned in 1843. He again served as a member of the U.S. Senate (1845-1850) and as Secretary of State (1850-1852), and advocated the abolition of slavery. However, he strongly opposed the division of the Union that would result from abolition, and as the conflict between the North and South over slavery intensified, he withdrew from politics.

Webster
Webster, Noah

Born October 16, 1758 in West Hartford, Connecticut
[Died] May 28, 1843. New Haven, Connecticut. American lexicographer. After graduating from Yale University, he published A Grammatical Institute of the English Language (1783-85). The first part of this book, The American Spelling Book (83), is said to have sold 100 million copies. After working as a newspaper and magazine publisher and as a lawyer, he published Compendious Dictionary of the English Language (1806), which he later revised and expanded to produce An American Dictionary of the English Language (28).

Webster
Webster, John

Born: Around 1580, London
[Died] c. 1634. London. English playwright. Born to a tailor. Although there is little biographical information, it seems that he was initially employed by impresario Henslowe and collaborated on plays. Today, only three plays remain that are considered his sole work, but his reputation is based on two tragedies, The White Devil (1612) and The Duchess of Malfi (14). Both are based on true events from Italy, and are horrifically bloody tragedies, but they also depict the dark shadow of death and pessimistic view of life that permeates the entire work through a wealth of images and symbols, and are considered to be representative tragedies of the James dynasty (1603-1625). His other work is the tragicomedy The Devil's Law-Case (c. 17).

Webster
Webster

A town in southern Massachusetts, near the border with Connecticut, USA. Settlement began in the early 18th century. The town was named after politician D. Webster. A textile mill was built there in 1811, and the textile industry developed further in the mid-19th century with the opening of a railroad between Worcester in the north and Norwich in the south. Today, textile and shoe manufacturing remain the town's main industries. Population 16,196 (1990).

Webster
Webster, Jean

Born July 24, 1876 in Fredonia, New York.
[Died] June 11, 1916. New York. An American female children's writer. Twain was her great-uncle. Her most famous works are the epistolary novels Daddy-Long-Legs (1912) and its sequel Dear Enemy (15).

Webster
Webster, Sir Charles Kingsley

Born: April 25, 1864, Liverpool
[Died] August 21, 1961, London. British historian. Specialized in 19th century British diplomatic history. Taught at the University of London from 1932. Also participated in real-life foreign policy. Attended the Dumbarton Oaks Conference in 1944.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1782.1.18. ニューハンプシャー，ソールズベリー
[没]1852.10.24. マサチューセッツ，マーシュフィールド
アメリカの法律家。東北部の代表的連邦派政治家。アメリカ＝イギリス戦争 (1812) に反対して平和的解決を主張，1812年連邦下院に当選，政界に入る。 16年第二合衆国銀行設立のため活躍したが，最初の保護関税法 (16) については，彼の地盤ニューイングランドでは，製造業者より貿易業者の利害のほうが大きく，政治的立場を不利にすることなどから反対。 27年マサチューセッツ州から連邦上院に選出される。 28年の「唾棄すべき関税法」と呼ばれる保護関税には，北部の工業が発展してきたことから賛成にまわった。雄弁家で，30年の R.ヘインとの討論は有名。そのなかで，連邦は州に優先し，「自由と連邦は現在もそしてこれからも永久に1つの切り離せないものである」と述べている。 34年 H.クレーら反ジャクソン勢力とともにホイッグ党を結成。 41年国務長官。 42年ウェブスター＝アシュバートン条約締結ののち，43年辞任。再び連邦上院議員 (45～50) ，国務長官 (50～52) をつとめ，奴隷制廃止を主張。しかし廃止による連邦分裂には強く反対し，奴隷制をめぐって南北が激しく対立するに従い，政治の場から姿を消した。

ウェブスター
Webster， Noah

[生]1758.10.16. コネティカット，ウェストハートフォード
[没]1843.5.28. コネティカット，ニューヘーブン
アメリカの辞典編集者。エール大学卒業後『英語文法提要』A Grammatical Institute of the English Language (1783～85) を出版。この第1部である『アメリカ綴り字教科書』 The American Spelling Book (83) は1億部も売れたという。その後新聞や雑誌の発行者，弁護士などを経て『英語簡約辞典』 Compendious Dictionary of the English Language (1806) を出版，のちこれを改訂増補した『アメリカ英語辞典』 An American Dictionary of the English Language (28) を出した。

ウェブスター
Webster， John

[生]1580頃.ロンドン
[没]1634頃.ロンドン
イギリスの劇作家。仕立屋の子に生れた。伝記的資料に乏しいが，最初は興行師ヘンズローに雇われ，戯曲を共作していたらしい。現在では彼の単独作と認められる戯曲は3編しか残っていないが，その声価は2編の悲劇，『白魔』 The White Devil (1612) と『モルフィ公爵夫人』 The Duchess of Malfi (14) によっている。いずれもイタリアの実話に取材したもので，凄惨な流血悲劇であるが，全編をおおう暗い死の影とペシミスティックな人生観を豊富な形象や象徴によって描いたもので，ジェームズ朝 (03～25) の代表的悲劇と評されている。ほかに悲喜劇『悪魔の訴訟』 The Devil's Law-Case (17頃) がある。

ウェブスター
Webster

アメリカ合衆国，マサチューセッツ州南部，コネティカット州との州境近くにある町。 18世紀初めに入植が始る。地名は政治家の D.ウェブスターにちなむ。 1811年繊維工場が建設され，19世紀中頃，北のウースターと南のノーウィッチ間に鉄道が開通したため，繊維工業が一層発達した。現在も繊維と靴の製造が主産業。人口1万 6196 (1990) 。

ウェブスター
Webster， Jean

[生]1876.7.24. ニューヨーク，フリドニア
[没]1916.6.11. ニューヨーク
アメリカの女流児童文学者。トウェーンは彼女の大叔父にあたる。代表作は書簡体の小説『あしながおじさん』 Daddy-Long-Legs (1912) とその続編『なつかしい敵さん』 Dear Enemy (15) 。

ウェブスター
Webster， Sir Charles Kingsley

[生]1864.4.25. リバプール
[没]1961.8.21. ロンドン
イギリスの歴史家。専門は 19世紀イギリス外交史。 1932年からロンドン大学で教鞭をとる。現実の外交政策にも参画。 44年ダンバートン＝オークス会議に出席。

出典　ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について　情報

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