Tirol (English spelling)

Japanese: チロル（英語表記）Tirol

The name of a region in the western part of the Eastern Alps, stretching from the south to the north of the Etztaler Alps. Originally it referred to the territory of the Counts of Tyrol, whose headquarters was the Castle of Tyrol near Merano (now in northern Italy). It is divided into three regions, North, East, and South, and after World War I South Tyrol became part of Italy (now the Trentino-Alto Adige region), while the North and East regions form the Austrian state of Tyrol. It became a Roman province in 15 BC, but was occupied by the Bavarians in the 6th century, and after the 8th century it became part of the Frankish Kingdom, and later the Holy Roman Empire. It was later ruled by the bishops of Trento and Brixen, and in the 11th century it became the territory of the Counts of Tyrol, but in 1233 the Tyrolean dynasty became extinct, and from 1363 to 1918 it was under the control of the House of Habsburg. The inhabitants had a strong independent spirit, and during the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century they started a Peasant War, and when Napoleon I placed Tyrol under French and Bavarian control in 1805 they also rebelled in resistance. Since ancient times, the region has nurtured a unique culture, boasting excellent visual arts, peasant literature, and peasant theater, as well as retaining its own unique customs.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

東部アルプス山地の西部，エツターラーアルペンの南と北に広がる地方名。本来はメラノ (現イタリア北部) 近郊のチロル城を本拠とするチロル伯の領地をさした。北，東，南の3地方に分れ，南チロルは第1次世界大戦後イタリア領 (現トレンティノアルトアディジェ州) となり，北，東の両地方がオーストリアのチロル州をなしている。前 15年ローマの属州となったが，6世紀になってバイエルン人に占領され，8世紀以後フランク王国，のち神聖ローマ帝国領となった。その後トレント，ブリクセン両司教の統治を経て，11世紀にチロル伯の領地となったが，1233年チロル家が断絶，1363～1918年ハプスブルク家領。住民たちは独立心が強く，16世紀の宗教改革に際しては農民戦争を起し，1805年ナポレオン1世がチロルをフランスとバイエルンの支配下に入れたときにも反乱を起してこれに抵抗した。古くから独特の文化がはぐくまれ，すぐれた造形美術，農民文学，農民芝居を有するとともに，特殊な風俗をも残している。

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