Uilta people - Uilta; Ul'chi

Japanese: ウイルタ族 - ウイルタぞく（英語表記）Uilta; Ul'chi

An ethnic minority living in the northeastern and southern parts of Sakhalin Island (Karafuto). They call themselves Orokko or Orok. Their population is about 3,400 (1989 estimate). After World War II, some of them migrated to Hokkaido. Their language belongs to the Tungusic-Manchu branch and is common to the languages of the peoples of the Amur River region (Nanai, Orochi, etc.). They live in different areas in summer and winter. In summer, they graze reindeer in the forests and live in villages of 3-10 houses on the riverside or coast, where they engage in fishing. In autumn, they move to the interior of the island with their reindeer to spend the winter. They have many things in common with the peoples of Sakhalin and the Amur River region, such as the system of Dokha (clan alliances) based on exogamous patrilineal clans, worship of the "lords" of animals and nature, shamanism, bear festivals, material culture, and decorative patterns. During the Soviet era they were organised into kolkhozes.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

サハリン島 (樺太) 北東部と南部に居住する少数民族。ウイルタは自称で，旧称オロッコ (Orokkoまたは Orok) 。人口約 3400 (1989推計) 。第2次世界大戦後は北海道への移民もみられた。言語はツングース＝満州語派に属し，アムール川地域の諸民族 (ナーナイ，オロチなど) の言語と共通している。夏と冬で居住地を異にし，夏にはトナカイを山林に放牧し，川辺や海岸に3～10戸の集落を営み漁労にたずさわる。秋にはトナカイを伴って島の内部へ移動し越冬する。外婚的父系氏族を基本とするドハ (氏族連合) の制度，動物や自然の「主」崇拝，シャーマニズム，熊祭をはじめ，物質文化，装飾文様などにサハリン，アムール川地域の諸民族と多くの共通性が認められる。ソ連時代にはコルホーズに組織された。

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