Zhang Fei

A military commander in the Three Kingdoms state of Shu, China. He was from Zhuo Commandery (Zhuo County, Hebei Province). His courtesy name was Yide. His posthumous name was Huan Hou. He was from the same hometown as Liu Bei, and when Bei raised an army, he joined with Guan Yu, and they continued to act together. Since he was a few years younger than Guan Yu, he treated Yu as his elder brother. In 208, when Cao Cao of Wei advanced south, Liu Bei, who was in Jingzhou, fled south. At this time, he famously cried out, with his spear lying on the Changban Bridge in Dangyang (Dangyang County, Hubei Province), with his eyes glaring, "I am Zhang Yide. Come and let us die together." When Liu Bei entered Shu, he accompanied him, but there he fought against Yan Yan, the prefect of Ba Commandery, who was appointed by Liu Zhang, governor of Yi Province. Impressed by Yan's loyalty to Zhang, he made him a guest. Liu Bei appointed Zhang Fei as the prefect of Baxi, and was successful in preventing the Wei general Zhang He from invading Baxi. Zhang Fei was a brave man, and in his everyday life, he showed no sympathy for his subordinates, and was always whipping them, so Bei always warned Fei about this. He was killed by his own subordinates while preparing to accompany Bei in a war against Wu. When Bei heard that he was an envoy from Fei, he immediately had a premonition of his death.

[Naotsugu Kano]

"'Zhuge Kongming' by Naotsugu Kano (1966, Jinbutsu Oraisha)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、三国蜀(しょく)の武将。涿(たく)郡（河北省涿県）の人。字(あざな)は益徳(えきとく)。諡号(しごう)は桓(かん)侯。劉備(りゅうび)と同郷で、備が兵をおこすと関羽(かんう)とともに参加し、以後行動をともにした。関羽より数年の年少であったので、羽に兄事した。208年、魏(ぎ)の曹操(そうそう)が南下すると、荊州(けいしゅう)にいた劉備は南に逃れるが、このとき、当陽の長坂(ちょうはん)橋上（湖北省当陽県）で、矛(ほこ)を横たえ目をいからし「我は張益徳なるぞ、きたりてともに死を決すべし」と叫んだのは有名である。劉備が入蜀すると、これに同行したが、益州牧の劉璋(りゅうしょう)の任じていた巴(は)郡太守厳顔(げんがん)と対戦し、顔の璋に対する忠節に感じて彼を賓客にした。劉備は張飛を巴西(はせい)太守に任命して、魏の将張郃(ちょうこう)の巴西侵入を防いで功があった。彼は勇猛であり、平生部下をあわれまぬところがあり、つねに鞭(むち)打っていたので、備はいつもこのことを飛に注意していた。備の対呉戦争に同行する準備の最中に、部下の手にかかって殺された。備は飛からの使者と聞いて、ただちにその死を予感したという。

［狩野直禎］

『狩野直禎著『諸葛孔明』（1966・人物往来社）』

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