Punishment - Choubatsu

Japanese: 懲罰 - ちょうばつ
Punishment - Choubatsu

In general terms, it is synonymous with discipline, but legally it refers to sanctions imposed on members of parliament in order to maintain order in parliament.

It is imposed on Diet members who disrupt the order of the Diet, or on local assembly members who violate the Local Autonomy Law, meeting rules, and committee ordinances. Absent members may also be punished. It cannot be imposed for actions outside the Diet, such as being convicted of a crime. The types of punishment include a warning in an open session, an apology in an open session, suspension from attendance (Diet members) or from attendance (Local assembly members), and expulsion. Expulsion requires a majority vote of two-thirds of the members present (in the case of the Diet), or the presence of two-thirds or more of the members and the consent of three-quarters or more (in the case of a local assembly). An expelled member who is re-elected cannot be rejected. Disciplinary actions against Diet members are not subject to judicial review out of respect for the autonomy of the House, but the prevailing view in case law is that expulsion from the Diet is subject to judicial review when it comes to disciplinary actions against local assembly members (Article 58, paragraph 2 of the Constitution, Articles 121 and following of the Diet Law, and Articles 134 and following of the Local Autonomy Law). In addition, the Act on Penal Detention Facilities and Treatment of Detainees, etc. uses the word "punishment" to describe sanctions imposed on detainees.

[Yasuhito Abe]

[Reference] | Disciplinary Actions

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

一般用語としては懲戒と同義であるが、法令上は議会の秩序維持のため議員に対して科せられる制裁をいう。

 院内の秩序を乱した国会議員、ないし地方自治法ならびに会議規則および委員会に関する条例に違反した地方議会議員に科される。欠席議員を懲罰に付すこともできる。院外での行動、たとえば有罪判決を受けたことを理由に科すことはできない。その種類は、公開の議場における戒告、公開の議場における陳謝、一定期間の登院停止(国会議員)ないし出席停止(地方議員)、除名である。除名は出席議員の3分の2以上の多数による議決(国会の場合)、ないし3分の2以上の議員の出席とその4分の3以上の者の同意(地方議会の場合)を要する。除名された議員でふたたび当選した者を拒むことはできない。国会議員の懲罰については、議院の自律権を尊重して、司法審査の対象外とするが、地方議員の懲罰については除名につき司法審査が及ぶとするのが判例通説である(憲法58条2項、国会法121条以下、地方自治法134条以下)。なお「刑事収容施設及び被収容者等の処遇に関する法律」は、被収容者に対する制裁について懲罰の語を用いている。

[阿部泰隆]

[参照項目] | 懲戒

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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