A method of work management in which the tasks of workers are determined rationally, wage rates are determined rationally, and production activities are planned based on this standard. It was invented by F.W. Taylor and named by himself, and is also called the Taylor System. Taylor first determined the "tasks" that were a fair amount of work that workers should do in a day through time and motion studies. Since work was planned and controlled according to these task standards, it is also called "standard management." He then scientifically selected the workers themselves, trained them in standardized tasks through time and motion studies, and created the conditions for them to perform the tasks. At the same time, he introduced a discriminatory piecework payment system, and created what is called "scientific management." Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
作業の管理方式の一つで,労働者の課業を合理的に決定し,それによって賃率の決定を合理化して,さらにこれを基準として生産活動を計画的に実施しようというもの。 F.W.テーラーが考案し,みずから名づけたもので,テーラー・システムとも呼ばれる。テーラーはまず労働者の行うべき公平な1日の作業量たる「課業」を,時間研究と動作研究により決定した。これらの課業標準に従って作業の計画と統制を行うため,「標準管理」ともいわれている。そして労働者自体をも科学的に選択し,時間・動作研究により標準化された作業を訓練して作業を行うための条件を整え,一方では差別的出来高払制度などを取入れて,「科学的管理」と呼ばれるものをつくりあげていった。
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