This law was enacted in August 1935 in the United States to prevent the country from becoming involved in the war when the Italian invasion of Ethiopia threatened to spark a world war. It included provisions such as a ban on the sale and transport of arms and military supplies to belligerent nations. The Neutrality Act was later expanded and strengthened, and in 1936 it was made applicable to civil wars, and in 1937 a "cash on home ship" clause was adopted, which allowed the export of oil, iron, and other goods to belligerent nations, but instead required them to pay cash to the belligerent nations and transport them on their own ships. However, with the passage of the Lend-Lease Act in 1941, the Neutrality Act became a dead letter, and the United States effectively became involved in the European war. [Hiroshi Fujimoto] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イタリアのエチオピア侵略によって世界大戦勃発(ぼっぱつ)の危機に直面した際、自国が戦争に巻き込まれないために1935年8月アメリカ合衆国で制定された法律。交戦国への武器、軍需品の売却および輸送の禁止などが取り決められた。中立法はのちに拡大、強化され、36年には交戦国への借款が禁止され、翌37年には内乱に適用されるとともに、石油、鉄などの交戦国に対する輸出を承認するかわりに、交戦国に現金支払いでの自国船輸送を義務づけた「現金、自国船輸送」条項が採用された。しかし、41年の武器貸与法成立により中立法は空文化し、事実上ヨーロッパの戦争に関与していくことになった。 [藤本 博] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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