Piraeus - English spelling Pireus

Japanese: ピレウス - ぴれうす(英語表記)Pireus
Piraeus - English spelling Pireus

It is the largest port city in Greece, located in Attica Prefecture in southern Greece. It faces the Faliron Bay and is the outer port of the capital Athens, and is included in the Greater Athens Metropolitan Area. It has a population of 175,697 (2001). "Piraeus" is the modern Greek pronunciation, and the ancient Greek pronunciation of the place name Piraiéus is Piraehus. Since Athens became the capital and the port was rebuilt in 1834, it has continued to develop, and is now important not only as the number one trading and commercial port in Greece, but also as an industrial city. It is a major industrial area centered on the machinery, chemical, and shipbuilding industries. Kantharos, the main port (Megalo Limni), is sandwiched between the small Ietionia Peninsula to the northwest and the Akti Peninsula to the south, and continues to the mainland via the hill of Municia (Kastella) to the southeast. The small port at the southern foot of the hill (Mikro Limani, also known as Turkish Limani) is a tourist town lined with seafood restaurants. It is the terminus of railways connecting various parts of the country, and is connected to the center of Athens by train and highway, with urban areas developing between the two cities. It is the center of maritime traffic with the major islands in the Aegean Sea. It is home to a naval academy and an archaeological museum.

[Tomoko Mashita]

history

It was built by Themistocles as an archon (chief administrator) (493/492 BC) as a naval base to replace Phaleron. It consisted of three ports, Zea, Municia, and Kantharos, surrounded by piers, and the entrances could be closed with chains. Kantharos was the largest port, and as the center of Mediterranean trade, it was lined with military facilities, exchanges, warehouses, etc. The town was developed around 450 BC according to a design by Hippodamos of Miletus, and was later connected to the central city of Athens by a long wall. Many merchants and industrialists, foreign residents, and other exotic religions such as the Bendis faith lived in the town. The walls were destroyed by the Spartan commander Lysander in 404 BC, but were rebuilt by Conon in 393 BC. It was destroyed by an attack by the Roman Sulla in 87-86 BC, and did not recover fully until the 19th century.

[Jun Nakamura]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ギリシア南部、アッティカ県にある同国最大の港湾都市。ファリロン湾に臨み、首都アテネの外港で、大アテネ首都圏に含まれる。人口17万5697(2001)。「ピレウス」は現代ギリシア語の発音で、地名の綴(つづ)りPiraiéusを古代ギリシア語で発音すればピレエフスとなる。1834年アテネが首都となり港が再建されて以来発展を続け、現在ではギリシア第一の貿易港、商港としてだけでなく、工業都市としても重要。機械・化学工業、造船業を中心に一大工業地帯をなしている。主港(メガロ・リムニ)のカンタロスKantharosは、北西を小さなイエティオニア半島に、南をアクティ半島に挟まれ、その南東はムニキア(カステラ)の丘を経て本土に続く。この丘の南の麓(ふもと)にある小港(ミクロ・リマニ、別称トルコ・リマニ)は海産物レストランの建ち並ぶ観光街となっている。国内各地を結ぶ鉄道の終着駅で、アテネ中心部とは電車および高速道路で結ばれ、両市の間にも市街地が発達する。エーゲ海の主要な島々との海上交通の中心地。海軍兵学校、考古学博物館がある。

[真下とも子]

歴史

テミストクレスがアルコン(筆頭の行政官)であったとき(紀元前493/492)、ファレロン(ファリロン)にかわる海軍基地として建設した。ゼア、ムニキア、カンタロスの3港からなり、突堤によって囲まれ、入口は鎖で閉鎖できるようになっていた。なかでもカンタロスは最大の港で、地中海貿易の中心地として、軍事施設のほかに取引所、倉庫なども建ち並んだ。町は前450年ごろミレトスのヒッポダモスの設計により整備され、その後、中心市アテネとは長城によって結ばれた。町には商工業者、在留外人などが多く居住し、ベンディス信仰など異国風の宗教も持ち込まれた。城壁は、前404年にスパルタの指揮官リサンドロスによって破壊されたが、前393年にはコノンにより再建された。前87~前86年にローマのスラの攻撃を受けて壊滅し、その後は19世紀まで十分な復興をみることはなかった。

[中村 純]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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