Generally, it refers to family members and relatives left behind after a person's death. Legally, it is used to define the scope of beneficiaries when a certain benefit (survivor's compensation) is paid upon the death of a person. Its meaning differs slightly due to differences in the intent and purpose of each law and accidental legislation, so it is necessary to look at each law separately. The survivors who are entitled to survivor's compensation given to the surviving family of a worker who died in the course of work are, in the first place, the spouse (including common-law spouses), in the second place, children, parents, grandchildren and grandparents who were supported by the worker's income at the time of the worker's death or who shared the same household as the worker at the time of the worker's death, in the third place, the worker's children, parents, grandchildren and grandparents who do not fall under the second place, and the worker's siblings, and the order is as stated above (Articles 42 to 45 of the Enforcement Regulations of the Labor Standards Act). The survivors who can receive survivor pension under the Workmen's Accident Compensation Insurance Law are the spouse, children, parents, grandchildren, grandparents and siblings of the worker, who depended on the worker's income at the time of the worker's death, but there is an age limit for those other than the wife (including common-law spouses) (Article 16-2 of the same Law). Article 16 of the National Public Service Accident Compensation Law and Article 32 of the Local Public Service Accident Compensation Law are almost the same. Article 2-2 of the National Public Service Retirement Allowance Law states that the first priority is the spouse (including common-law spouses), the second priority is children, parents, grandchildren, grandparents and siblings who depended mainly on the worker's income at the time of the worker's death, the third priority is the above-mentioned relatives who depended mainly on the worker's income at the time of the worker's death, and the fourth priority is children, parents, grandchildren, grandparents and siblings who do not fall under the second priority. Article 43 of the National Public Service Mutual Aid Association Law and Article 45 of the Local Public Service Mutual Aid Association Law state that the order of survivors who should receive benefits is spouse and children, parents, grandchildren, and grandparents. Article 73 of the Pension Law stipulates that survivors' allowances are paid in the following order: spouse, minor children, parents, adult children, and grandparents. Brothers and sisters are exceptionally survivors, but grandchildren are not. Article 5 of the Law on Support for Crime Victims through Payment of Crime Victim Benefits, etc. states that survivors' allowances are paid in the following order: spouse (including common-law spouses), children, parents, grandchildren, grandparents, and siblings of the victim who supported their livelihood through the victim's income, and children, parents, grandchildren, grandparents, and siblings of the victim who do not fall into the above categories. Article 59 of the Employee's Pension Insurance Law, Article 52-3 of the National Pension Law, and Article 24 of the Law on Assistance for Families of War-Wounded, Sick, and Dead also stipulate the scope of survivors. [Yasuhito Abe] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
一般的には人の死後に残された家族や親族をいう。法律的には人の死亡に伴って一定の給付(遺族補償)がなされる場合に受給権者の範囲を画するために用いられる。その意義は、それぞれの法律の趣旨・目的の違いや立法の偶然により若干異なるので、法律ごとにみていく必要がある。業務上死亡した労働者の遺族に与えられる遺族補償の受給権者である遺族は、第一順位が配偶者(内縁を含む)、第二順位が子、父母、孫および祖父母であって、労働者の死亡当時その収入によって生計を維持していた者または労働者の死亡当時これと生計を一にしていた者、第三順位は労働者の子、父母、孫および祖父母であって、第二順位に該当しない者、ならびに労働者の兄弟姉妹とし、その順位は前記の順とする(労働基準法施行規則42条~45条)と定められている。労働者災害補償保険法上の遺族年金を受けることができる遺族は、労働者の配偶者、子、父母、孫、祖父母および兄弟姉妹であって、労働者の死亡当時その収入によって生計を維持していた者とされるが、妻(内縁を含む)以外の者については年齢制限がある(同法16条の2)。国家公務員災害補償法第16条、地方公務員災害補償法第32条もほぼ同様である。国家公務員退職手当法第2条の2は、第一順位を配偶者(内縁を含む)、第二順位を子、父母、孫、祖父母および兄弟姉妹であって、職員の死亡当時、主としてその収入によって生計を維持していた者、第三順位を、前記の者のほか職員の死亡当時、主としてその収入によって生計を維持していた親族、第四順位を、子、父母、孫、祖父母および兄弟姉妹であって第二順位に該当しない者としている。国家公務員共済組合法第43条、地方公務員等共済組合法第45条は、給付を受けるべき遺族の順位を、配偶者および子、父母、孫、祖父母の順としている。恩給法第73条は、配偶者、未成年の子、父母、成年の子、祖父母の順に遺族扶助料を支給すると定めている。兄弟姉妹は例外的に遺族となるが、孫は遺族とはならない。犯罪被害者等給付金の支給等による犯罪被害者等の支援に関する法律第5条は、配偶者(内縁を含む)、被害者の収入によって生計を維持していた被害者の子、父母、孫、祖父母および兄弟姉妹、以上に該当しない被害者の子、父母、孫、祖父母および兄弟姉妹の順に遺族給付金を支給するとしている。また、厚生年金保険法第59条、国民年金法第52条の3、戦傷病者戦没者遺族等援護法第24条なども、それぞれ遺族の範囲を定めている。 [阿部泰隆] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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