A general term for the bowl-shaped mushrooms belonging to the Ascomycetes order of the Discomycetes. They come in a variety of shapes, including flat, bowl, cup, and stemmed glass shapes, and range in size from less than 1 cm in diameter to over 10 cm. The inside of the bowl is colored white, yellow, brown, red, vermilion, and black, and many are extremely beautiful. The inner surface of the bowl is covered with a well-developed hymenium, and countless cylindrical asci are lined up. When the ascospores mature, the valves at the tips of the asci open and the spores are ejected all at once like smoke. These "lidded asci" are characteristic of the Discomycetes. These mushrooms were formerly grouped together in the family Chamaeaceae, but are now classified into many families, as follows: (1) Red Chamaecyparisaceae = White Cop Mushroom, White Foxglove, Melon Musk, Kirinomitake, Red Chamaecyparis, etc. (2) Black Chamaecyparisaceae = Black Chamaecyparis, Etsuki Black Cop Mushroom, etc. (3) Chamaecyparisaceae = Large Chamaecyparis, etc. (4) Pyronemataceae = Pyrrhocorax gracilis, Pyrrhocorax gracilis, Red Chamaecyparis argenteuil, etc. All of these mushrooms are very eye-catching. Other Chamaecyparis species include the Noboritaceae and Morelaceae. Many Chamaecyparis mushrooms appear in the spring. [Imaseki Rokuya] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
子嚢(しのう)菌類、チャワンタケ(盤菌)目に属する茶碗(ちゃわん)形のキノコの総称。形は平皿形のほか、碗形、コップ形、足付きグラス形などさまざまであり、大きさも径1センチメートル以下から10センチメートルを超すものまである。碗の内側は白、黄、茶、赤、朱、黒などの色をもち、きわめて美しいものも多い。碗の内面には子実層が発達し、無数の円筒形の子嚢が並ぶ。子嚢胞子が成熟すると、子嚢の先端についた弁が開いて胞子は一斉に煙のように噴き出される。このような「蓋(ふた)付き子嚢」は、チャワンタケ類の特徴である。これらのキノコは、古くはチャワンタケ科にまとめられたが、現在では次のように多くの科に分類される。 (1)ベニチャワンタケ科=シロコップタケ、シロキツネノサカズキ、ニクアツベニサラタケ、キリノミタケ、ベニチャワンタケなど。(2)クロチャワンタケ科=クロチャワンタケ、エツキクロコップタケなど。(3)チャワンタケ科=オオチャワンタケなど。(4)ピロネマ科=ヒイロチャワンタケ、キンチャワンタケ、アラゲコベニチャワンタケなど。いずれのキノコもよく目だつ。このほか、チャワンタケ類には、ノボリリュウ科、アミガサタケ科なども含まれる。なお、チャワンタケ類のキノコには、春に発生するものが多い。 [今関六也] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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