A general term for diseases caused by adenovirus infections in the respiratory, eye, and digestive tracts. There are 49 known types of adenovirus (51, depending on the classification method), of which about two-thirds are pathogenic. Several different types of adenovirus can cause the same disease, and one type of adenovirus can cause several different diseases. Typical examples include epidemic keratoconjunctivitis caused by type 8, and pharyngeal conjunctival fever caused by types 3 and 7, but other diseases caused by adenoviruses include pharyngitis, acute respiratory disease, pneumonia, digestive diseases, cystitis, roseola infantum, meningitis, and encephalitis. Pharyngoconjunctivitis and epidemic keratoconjunctivitis can be diagnosed clinically based on characteristic symptoms and epidemic conditions, but other adenovirus infections are difficult to diagnose clinically, and a definite diagnosis is made by isolating and identifying the virus from the affected area and conducting serological tests (complement fixation and neutralization tests on acute and convalescent serum). The virus mainly grows in the eyes, respiratory tract, and digestive tract, and epidemics of pharyngoconjunctival fever are caused by water in swimming pools, while infections caused by ophthalmic examinations and treatments are the focus of attention for epidemic keratoconjunctivitis, but infections can also occur through droplets from coughing and sneezing, and many adenoviruses can also be detected in feces, so oral infections also require attention. [Noriaki Yanagishita] [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
呼吸器、目、消化器などにみられるアデノウイルスの感染によっておこる疾患の総称。アデノウイルスは49の型(分類の方法によっては51)が知られているが、その約3分の2に病原性が認められ、同一の疾患をいくつかの異なった型のアデノウイルスがおこすこともあれば、一つの型のアデノウイルスがいくつかの異なった疾患をおこすこともある。代表的なものは8型などによる流行性角結膜炎、3型や7型などによる咽頭(いんとう)結膜熱などであるが、そのほか咽頭炎、急性呼吸器疾患、肺炎、消化器疾患、膀胱(ぼうこう)炎、突発性発疹(はっしん)様疾患、髄膜炎、脳炎などもアデノウイルスによっておこることがある。診断は咽頭結膜炎や流行性角結膜炎では特徴的な症状や流行状況から臨床的に診断も可能であるが、その他のアデノウイルス感染症は臨床的に病原を推測することは困難で、確実な診断は患部からのウイルスの分離・同定と血清学的な検査(急性期および回復期の血清について補体結合反応や中和試験など)によって確定する。このウイルスはおもに目、呼吸器、消化器などで増殖し、咽頭結膜熱では水泳プールの水が媒介となって流行をおこしたり、流行性角結膜炎では眼科的な診察や処置による感染が注目されるが、咳(せき)やくしゃみによる飛沫(ひまつ)感染や、また糞便(ふんべん)中にも多くのアデノウイルスが検出されるので経口感染も注意を要する。 [柳下徳雄] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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