In Chinese translations of the sutras, it is written as Seiji, Chidi, Shodai, Seita, etc. In India, it refers to a Buddhist shrine, that is, a building or rock cave with a stupa (Buddhist tower) or a Buddha statue inside. In the past, it referred to the object of veneration itself, such as a sacred tree, a shrine, a holy tower, or a holy statue, but gradually it came to refer to the place where such things exist or the facility where they are placed. A large chaitya is generally a long horseshoe-shaped plan, with an entrance on the short straight side, the interior divided into a nave and side aisles by a colonnade, a cylindrical ceiling, and a stupa or a Buddha statue placed at the innermost part of the nave. There are many remains of Buddhist cave temples built in the 2nd century BC to the 8th century AD in India, including many chaitya caves. The Ajanta, Ellora, and Karli Caves are representative examples. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
漢訳経典では制底,支提,招提,制多などと記す。インドにおいて仏教の祠堂,すなわち内部にストゥーパ (仏塔) または仏像が安置された建物または石窟をいう。古くは尊崇対象そのもの,たとえば聖樹,聖殿,聖塔,聖像などをさしたが,次第にそれらが存在する場所,安置された施設をいうようになった。大規模なチャイティヤは一般に縦長馬蹄形の平面で,直線状短辺に入口を設け,列柱によって内部を身廊と側廊とに分け,筒形の天井を架し,身廊最奥部にストゥーパまたは仏像を安置する。インドには前2世紀頃から後8世紀頃に造られた多数の仏教石窟寺院が遺存しており,チャイティヤ窟も多い。アジャンタ,エローラ,カールリー石窟などが代表的である。
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