Spratly Islands

Japanese: 南沙群島 - なんさぐんとう
Spratly Islands
A group of coral reefs in the southern seas of mainland China, between the Indochina Peninsula and the Philippine Islands, belonging to China's Hainan Province. They are also called the Spratly Islands or the Nansha Islands. They produce guano, tropical fruits, sea turtles, and there are undersea oil fields in the surrounding waters. In 1939, a dispute arose between Japan and France over the issue of sovereignty, and Japan occupied them just before World War II and called them the New Southern Islands. After the war, Japan renounced its rights and claims. Currently, Vietnam and the Philippines also claim sovereignty over the area, and it has become a disputed territory, but in 2002, China and ASEAN countries agreed to shelve the sovereignty claim in the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea. However, in recent years, China has positioned this area as a "core national interest" and has been strengthening its military presence, rekindling tensions. Since 2011, China has sent research vessels into the territorial waters claimed by the Philippines several times, and in 2012, Philippine and Chinese ships confronted each other. In 2014, China began large-scale land reclamation work on Mischief Reef in the Spratly Islands, building a runway and other facilities. The United States has expressed serious concerns that China is militarizing the reef as an outpost in the South China Sea. In 1988, there was a military clash between the Chinese and Vietnamese navies over sovereignty, with China emerging victorious and taking control of parts of the reef and coral reefs. This is an important example that shows China's aggressive stance, which is not afraid to engage in military conflict over territorial disputes and maritime territorial issues.
→ Related topics Asia | People's Republic of China | Philippines

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:
中国大陸南方海上,インドシナ半島とフィリピン諸島の間にあるサンゴ礁群で,中国海南省に所属。スプラトリー(Spratly)諸島,南沙諸島とも。グアノ,熱帯果物,ウミガメなどを産し,周辺海域に海底油田がある。1939年に日本とフランス間で領有問題をめぐって紛争が起こり,第2次大戦直前日本が占領して,新南群島と称した。戦後,日本はその権利・請求権を放棄。現在,ベトナム,フィリピンもそれぞれ領有を主張し,係争地となっていたが,2002年中国とASEAN諸国との間の〈南シナ海行動宣言〉により,領有権の事実上の棚上げが合意された。しかし,近年,中国はこの海域を〈国家核心利益〉と位置づけ,軍事的プレゼンスを強めており,緊張が再燃,2011年から数回にわたり探査船をフィリピンの主張する領海に送り,2012年にはフィリピンと中国の艦船が対峙する事態が起きた。2014年,中国は南沙群島のミスチーフ岩礁で大規模な埋め立て工事を進行させ,滑走路などを建設。アメリカは南シナ海での前哨基地として軍事化を進めているとして,重大な懸念を表明している。1988年には,領有権をめぐって中国とベトナムの海軍が軍事衝突し,勝利した中国が岩礁と珊瑚礁の一部を手中にする,という事件も起きている。領海・領土問題で軍事衝突も辞さない中国の強引な姿勢を知るうえで重要な事例である。
→関連項目アジア|中華人民共和国|フィリピン

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