Removal of part or all of the stomach through surgery. It is mainly performed as a treatment for malignant diseases such as stomach cancer. It is known to have been first successfully performed by the Austrian surgeon Billroth in 1881. In gastrectomy as a radical operation for stomach cancer, two factors must be considered: removal of the lesion and prevention of recurrence. This is particularly important in the case of advanced stomach cancer, and the general rule is to remove all tumors macroscopically and to try to prevent recurrence by dissecting (removing) lymph nodes equal to or greater than those suspected to have metastasis based on surgical findings. In addition, clinical trials have shown that postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy can suppress recurrence and improve prognosis depending on the stage of the disease, so continued treatment is performed for a certain period of time after surgery. Gastrectomy is broadly divided into the following types depending on the site and extent of resection: (1) Distal Pylorus Resection: This involves the removal of the pylorus side of the stomach (the part closest to the duodenum). Reconstruction methods include the Billroth I method, in which the remaining stomach is anastomosed (connected) to the duodenum, and the Billroth II method, in which the remaining stomach is anastomosed to the jejunum (the part of the small intestine following the duodenum). This method is primarily intended for lesions around the gastric angle and below. The extent of resection varies depending on the disease, and in general, in advanced gastric cancer, about two-thirds of the stomach is often removed. Distal Pylorus Resection is the most common and representative gastric resection procedure performed in Japan. (2) Total resection: After the entire stomach is removed, the duodenal stump is sutured closed and the jejunum is anastomosed to the esophagus. Alternatively, the jejunum is interposed between the esophagus and duodenum. This is suitable for cancer that extends from the upper to lower parts of the stomach, as well as cancer in the cardia or body of the stomach where the cardia cannot be preserved. (3) Fundamental resection For tumors in the cardia, a fundamental resection is performed in which about one-third of the stomach's cardia (the part closest to the esophagus) is removed and the esophagus is anastomosed to the remaining stomach. In cases where relatively early-stage cancer is localized to the upper third of the stomach, a fundamental resection may be performed to avoid total resection, but the resection area is often larger than in cases of benign disease, and reconstruction may be performed by interposing the small intestine between the esophagus and the remaining stomach. If the patient's progress after gastrectomy is good, they can resume eating and be discharged from the hospital within a few days after surgery, but for the first two to three months after surgery, they should take their time to eat nutritious and easily digestible foods, chewing thoroughly. Also, because the stomach's storage capacity decreases and it becomes difficult to eat large amounts at one meal, they should increase the number of meals to five or six times a day and be careful not to become malnourished. [Kiyotaka Watanabe May 21, 2019] [Reference] | | | |©Shogakukan "> Stomach reconstruction (Billroth procedure) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
手術によって胃の一部あるいは全部を取り除くこと。おもに胃がんなどの悪性疾患に対する治療として行われる。1881年にオーストリアの外科医ビルロートが初めて成功したことで知られる。 胃がんに対する根治手術としての胃切除では、病巣の除去と再発防止の二つの要素を考慮する必要がある。とりわけ進行胃がんの場合、このことはきわめて重要であり、腫瘍(しゅよう)を肉眼的にすべて摘出するとともに、手術所見で転移が推測されるリンパ節群と同等もしくはそれ以上のリンパ節群を郭清(かくせい)(取り除くこと)して、再発防止に努めることが原則とされる。また、病期(ステージ)によっては術後の補助化学療法によって再発の抑制および予後の向上が臨床試験で証明されていることから、術後一定期間にわたって継続治療が行われる。 胃切除は、切除の部位や範囲により、おもに次のように分けられる。 (1)幽門側切除 胃の幽門側(十二指腸に近い部分)を切除するもので、再建法には残胃と十二指腸を吻合(ふんごう)する(つなぎ合わせる)ビルロートⅠ法と、残胃と空腸(十二指腸に続く小腸部分)を吻合するビルロートⅡ法がある。主として胃角部周辺およびそれ以下の病変が対象となる。切除範囲は疾患によって異なり、一般に進行胃がんでは胃の3分の2程度の切除が行われることが多い。幽門側切除は、国内ではもっとも多く行われている代表的な胃切除の術式である。 (2)全摘除(全摘) 胃をすべて摘出したのち、十二指腸断端を縫合閉鎖して食道に空腸を吻合する。あるいは食道と十二指腸の間に空腸を間置する。胃の上部から下部まで広範に及ぶがんのほか、噴門を温存できない噴門部や胃体部のがんが適応となる。 (3)噴門側切除 噴門部の腫瘍に対しては、胃の噴門側(食道に近い部分)約3分の1程度を切除し、食道と残胃を吻合する噴門側切除が行われる。また比較的早期のがんが、胃の上部3分の1に限局して存在する場合に、全摘除を避けて噴門側切除を行うこともあるが、良性疾患の場合より切除範囲が大きくなることが多く、食道と残胃の間に小腸を間置して再建する場合もある。 胃切除後、経過が順調であれば術後数日で食事を再開し退院できるが、術後2~3か月間は、なるべく栄養価が高く消化のよい食品を十分にそしゃくし、時間をかけてとるようにする。また、胃の貯留能が低下し、1回の食事で多くの量を食べにくくなることから、食事回数を1日5~6回に増やして、栄養不足にならないよう留意する。 [渡邊清高 2019年5月21日] [参照項目] | | | |©Shogakukan"> 胃の再建法(ビルロート法) 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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