Tatsuji Fuse

Japanese: 布施辰治 - ふせ・たつじ

Year of death: September 13, 1953
Year of birth: November 13, 1880
A lawyer from the Meiji to Showa periods. Born in what is now Ishinomaki, Miyagi Prefecture. After graduating from Meiji Law School (Meiji University), he served as a judicial probationary officer before becoming a lawyer in 1904 (Meiji 37). He was an ardent Tolstoian, but after defending the Tokyo Municipal Tramway Fare Increase Riots in 1904, he devoted himself to defending social movements. He defended the rice riots and the Kamaishi, Ashio, and Yahata disputes, and in 1921 (Taisho 10), he formed the Japan Federation of Bar Associations with Yamazaki Kesaya and Katayama Tetsu, and in 1922 he founded the Tenants' Alliance. After that, he defended many cases that attracted social attention, such as the first Japanese Communist Party incident, the Paku Il-rye incident, the anarchist Guillotine Company incident, and the Kizaki Village dispute, while also handling colonial-related cases such as the Korean independence movement association Girei-dan incident, the Korean Communist Party incident, and the Taiwan Cane Sugar Farmers Union incident. He himself ran as a candidate for the Labor and Farmers Party in the first general election in 1928. He also defended Communist Party members in the March 15 Incident (1928) and April 16 Incident (1929), but was put on disciplinary trial due to his behavior during the March 15 Incident trial, and lost his attorney's license in 1922 (later reinstated with amnesty). He was arrested along with other members of the Japan Labor and Farmers Lawyers Association in 1923 (the Red Lawyers Association Incident), and in 1939 was sentenced to two years in prison for violating the Peace Preservation Law, but was released the following year on an amnesty in the year 2600. After the war, he rebuilt the Japan Federation of Bar Associations and became an advisor, and served as the head of the defense team in the Mitaka Incident, as well as defending those in the Matsukawa Incident, May Day Incident, Suita Incident, and other incidents. <Works> "For the Sake of Life" and "Eleven Stories of Death Row Inmates" <References> Fuse Kanji, "The Life of a Lawyer" and "Fuse Tatsuji Gaiden"

(Arima Manabu)

Source: Asahi Japanese Historical Biography: Asahi Shimbun Publications Inc. About Asahi Japanese Historical Biography

Japanese:

没年：昭和28.9.13(1953)
生年：明治13.11.13(1880)
明治から昭和にかけての弁護士。現在の宮城県石巻市に生まれる。明治法律学校(明治大学)を卒業後,司法官試補を経て明治37(1904)年弁護士となる。熱心なトルストイアンであったが,39年の東京市電値上げ反対騒擾事件の弁護を契機に,以後もっぱら社会運動関係の弁護活動を行う。米騒動,釜石・足尾・八幡争議の弁護を行い,大正10(1921)には山崎今朝弥,片山哲らと自由法曹団を結成,11年には借家人同盟を設立した。その後,第1次日本共産党事件,朴烈事件,アナキストのギロチン社事件,木崎村争議など社会的に注目された多くの事件の弁護を行うと同時に,朝鮮独立運動結社の義烈団事件,朝鮮共産党事件,台湾蔗糖農民組合事件などの植民地関係の事件もてがけた。自らも昭和3(1928)年の最初の普通選挙に労働農民党から立候補した。また3・15事件(1928),4・16事件(1929)の共産党員の弁護に当たったが,3・15事件の公判における言動から懲戒裁判にかけられ,7年に弁護士資格を失った(のち恩赦で復活)。8年に他の日本労農弁護士団員と共に検挙され(赤色弁護士団事件),14年に治安維持法違反で懲役2年の判決が確定,翌年の紀元2600年恩赦で出獄。戦後は自由法曹団を再建して顧問となり,三鷹事件の弁護団長を務めるとともに,松川事件,メーデー事件,吹田事件などの弁護人となった。<著作>『生きんが為に』『死刑囚十一話』<参考文献>布施柑治『ある弁護士の生涯』『布施辰治外伝』

(有馬学)

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