Surveys are conducted to understand the distribution of strata and rock bodies, their interrelationships, and geological structures. Survey results are shown on geological maps, geological cross sections, and geological columnar charts. Surface geological surveys are usually conducted outdoors using a hammer and clinometer, based on the naked eye observation of rocks, but there are many different types depending on the purpose, target, method, and accuracy of the survey. Purposes include research surveys, resource exploration, foundation surveys for civil engineering construction, disaster prevention surveys, and environmental assessment surveys. Targets include volcano surveys, terrace surveys, and marine geological surveys. In addition to surface geological surveys, methods include boring surveys, remote sensing, physical surveys (seismic surveys, gravity surveys, magnetic surveys, electrical surveys, etc.), and geochemical surveys. Recently, surveys using underground radar have also been conducted. Depending on the accuracy, surveys can be divided into general surveys and detailed surveys. Usually, a survey conducted using a large-scale topographical map of a scale of one hundredth or more is called a detailed survey. [Hiroshi Iwamatsu] [References] | | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
地層や岩体の分布およびそれらの相互関係や地質構造などを知るために行う調査。調査結果は地質図、地質断面図、地質柱状図などで示される。普通は、野外で、ハンマーとクリノメーターを用い、岩石の肉眼観察に基づいて行う地表地質調査をさすが、調査目的、対象、手段、精度などにより、いろいろな種類がある。目的には、研究のための調査、資源探査、土木建設のための基礎地盤調査、防災調査、環境アセスメント調査などがある。対象としては、火山調査、段丘調査、海洋地質調査などが例としてあげられる。手段としては、地表地質調査のほかに、ボーリング調査、リモート・センシング、物理探査(地震探査、重力探査、磁力探査、電気探査など)、地球化学探査などがある。最近は、地下レーダーによる調査も行われるようになった。精度により、概査と精査に分けられる。普通、数百分の1以上の大縮尺地形図を基図として行う調査を精査という。 [岩松 暉] [参照項目] | | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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