Accidentals - accidentals

Japanese: 変化記号 - へんかきごう(英語表記)accidentals 英語
Accidentals - accidentals

A symbol that adds a semitone change to a fundamental note in staff notation. There are five types: #, ♭, (), ♮, and they are used as accidentals and key signatures. Accidentals are symbols that give temporary semitone changes to notes in the middle of a piece of music, and all five types mentioned above are used. Key signatures are a list of the derivative notes of a key at the beginning of a piece of music, and three types are used: #, ♭, and ♮ (used only when transposing).

Accidentals originate from the 10th century (square flat, hard flat) and ♭ (round flat, soft flat) used to distinguish B from B-flat. They eventually developed into ♮ and ♯, and after many twists and turns, the current system was established in the 18th and 19th centuries. However, in 20th century music (such as twelve-tone music), there are some changes in usage, such as accidentals only being valid for the note they are attached to. Also, when music other than Western music is written on staff notation, new symbols such as ↑ and ♮ are used to represent microtones narrower than a semitone.

[Noriko Shibata]

[Reference] | Key signature | Accidentals [Additional information] | Names and meanings of symbols
Names and meanings of accidentals
©Shogakukan ">

Names and meanings of accidentals


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

五線記譜法で幹音に半音的変化を加える記号。♯、♭、()、、♮の5種類あり、臨時記号や調号として用いられる。臨時記号は楽曲の途中で音に臨時の半音的変化を与える記号で、前述の5種類すべてが用いられる。調号は、楽曲の初めにその調の派生音をまとめて記したもので、♯、♭、♮(転調時のみ使用)の3種が使われる。

 変化記号は10世紀ごろ、ロ音と変ロ音を区別するために用いられた(四角い♭、固い♭)と♭(丸い♭、柔らかい♭)に由来する。やがては♮と♯に発展し、紆余(うよ)曲折のすえ、18、9世紀に現在のような体系になった。しかし20世紀音楽(十二音音楽など)では、臨時記号はそれがつけられた音符のみに有効とするなど、用法に多少の変化がみられる。また西洋音楽以外の音楽を五線譜化する際、半音より狭い微分音の表記に↑やなどの新しい記号も用いられる。

[柴田典子]

[参照項目] | 調号 | 臨時記号[補完資料] | 記号の名称と意味
変化記号の名称と意味
©Shogakukan">

変化記号の名称と意味


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