fictitious capital - English

Japanese: 擬制資本 - ぎせいしほん(英語表記)fictitious capital 英語
fictitious capital - English

When the credit system develops and the form of interest-bearing capital is established, any idle money is regarded as always earning interest, just as deposits and loans earn interest, and any regular fixed money income derived from it is regarded as interest on a certain amount of interest-bearing capital. Then, even if a certain amount of money income does not actually come from interest-bearing capital, it is assumed that there is a source of "interest-bearing capital" behind it. This "capital" is called fictitious capital, because it is entirely imaginary.

Fictitious capital is calculated by treating periodic money income as interest on capital loaned at the average interest rate. In other words, it is obtained by dividing periodic money income by the average interest rate. This calculation is called capitalization or capitalization. For example, if periodic money income is 50,000 yen and the average interest rate is 5%, this money income is considered to be generated by 1 million yen of "capital" regardless of its actual source. However, this "capital" (or a claim on the 50,000 yen) has no real capital or value. However, when it is the subject of buying and selling, the capitalization or capitalization procedure described above is followed to assume and fictitious the capital value, which is then used as the price.

Specific examples of fictitious capital include securities such as government bonds and corporate bonds with fixed interest rates, share certificates for profit participation, and land prices. In the case of stock certificates, the actual total capital investment amount in a corporation, which is the face value of the stock certificates that do not return to the investor, is completely different from the total amount of the stock price (the price of the claim on expected profit dividends) when stock certificates are bought and sold (fictitious capital). The difference is called founder's profit, and it arises from turning profit-generating capital into a "capital" form that generates interest. Thus, in fictitious capital, the relationship between interest-bearing capital and the interest on its fruits is a relationship that has no real process at all, that is, between fictitious capital and interest, where the quotient of profit divided by fictitious capital is called the yield.

While interest-bearing capital conceals the production process of value increase without taking into account it, fictitious capital is an inverted relationship = idea in which interest is fictitiously generated without the actual production process of value increase, and the fetishistic character of capital reaches its highest level.

[Kaido Katsutoshi]

[Reference] | Interested capital

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

信用制度が発達し、利子付き資本の形態が確立すると、どんな遊休貨幣も、預金や貸付が利子を得る場合のようにいつでも利子を得るものとみなされ、そこから規則正しくもたらされるすべての一定の貨幣所得は、ある一定額の利子付き資本がもたらす利子とみなされる。そうすると今度は、たとえ現実に一定の貨幣所得が利子付き資本からもたらされなくても、その背後にその源泉としての「利子付き資本」があるかのように想定されるようになる。この「資本」は、まったく架空の存在であるから、擬制資本または架空資本とよばれる。

 擬制資本は、定期的な貨幣所得を平均利子率で貸し付けられた資本の利子であるとして計算すれば算出される。すなわち、定期的な貨幣所得を平均利子率で除することによって得られる。この計算を資本還元または資本化という。たとえば、定期的な貨幣所得が5万円、平均利子率5%とすれば、この貨幣所得は、現実の源泉とかかわりなく100万円の「資本」がもたらすものとみなされる。しかし、この「資本」(または5万円に対する請求権)はなんら実体のある資本でも価値でもない。ただ、それが売買の対象となると、上記の資本還元または資本化の手続をとって資本価値を想定し、擬制化し、そしてそれを価格とするのである。

 擬制資本の具体例は、確定利付きの国債・社債、利潤参加証券の株券などの有価証券、土地価格などである。いま株券でいえば、投資者の手元には戻らない株券の額面の金額である株式会社における現実の投資総資本額と、株券の売買における株価(予想収益配当に対する請求権の価格)の総額(擬制資本)とはまったく違ったものである。その差額を創業者利得とよび、利潤を生む資本を、利子を生む「資本」形態にすることから生じる。こうして利子付き資本とその果実の利子との関係は、擬制資本では、収益を擬制資本で除した商を利回りとよんで、擬制資本と利回りというまったく現実的な過程をもたない関係となる。

 利子付き資本が価値増殖の生産過程をみずに隠蔽(いんぺい)したものであるのに対し、擬制資本は現実の価値増殖の生産過程なしに利子を生んだように擬制される転倒した関係=観念であって、資本の物神的性格は最高度に達する。

[海道勝稔]

[参照項目] | 利子付き資本

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Parasite - Kiseichu (English spelling)

>>:  Parasitic landlordism - parasitic landlordism

Recommend

Kurokawa Noh

This is a Shinto Noh ritual performed for Kasuga ...

Transcontinental railway

A railroad that crosses a continent and connects b...

Sun

A people who used to be widely distributed in Sout...

Jiangzi - Gyangze (English spelling)

A county in the southern part of the Tibet Autonom...

Rhino - Rhino

A general term for mammals in the Rhinoceros famil...

Interim judgment - Zwischenurteil (English spelling)

Under the Civil Procedure Law, a judgment is made ...

Warsaw Uprising - Warsaw Broom (English spelling)

A rebellion between August 1 and October 2, 1944, ...

Medium-sized enterprise - Steady business enterprise

It is a coined term referring to companies that a...

Heizenmon Rebellion - Heizenmon Nolan

In April 1293 during the late Kamakura period, Tai...

Phytotoma rutila (English name) Phytotomarutila

…[Naoya Abe]. … *Some of the terminology that men...

Taboo words - Taboo words

These are words that must not be spoken at certain...

Cranko, John

Born: August 15, 1927 in Rustenburg [Died] June 26...

Kitabalayn (English spelling)

…He was the teacher of Shibawayh, who left behind...

Judas-tree

…The bark is called Shikeihi in Chinese medicine ...

Piezoelectric microphone - Piezoelectric microphone

...It is easy to miniaturize and is used in heari...