It is a sulfur-substituted derivative of cyanic acid HOCN. Chemical formula: HSCN. Formula weight: 59.1. Hydrogen thiocyanate HSCN and its aqueous solution are called this. When potassium thiocyanate, which has been finely powdered and dried, is reacted with potassium hydrogen sulfate, the gas that is generated is cooled to obtain hydrogen thiocyanate, which is dissolved in water to obtain thiocyanic acid. Commonly known as rhodanic acid or sulfurous acid. It exists naturally as a free acid in onions and other foods, and is also widely found as a salt or ester. Hydrogen thiocyanate has a melting point of -110°C, but polymerizes at -90°C to -85°C to become a colorless crystalline substance. At room temperature, it decomposes to a dark red color. Tautomerism is possible between thiocyanic acid and isothiocyanic acid HNCS, and the latter exists in the gas phase and in carbon tetrachloride solutions. Esters of RSCN and RNCS (R is an alkyl group) are known. It is highly soluble in water and a strong monobasic acid. Its dilute aqueous solution is stable, and it produces the linear thiocyanate ion SCN - . Thiocyanate ions are blood-red in color due to the presence of iron(III) ions and are used in identification tests. Many metal complexes in which thiocyanate ions are coordinated are known. Potassium salts are obtained by fusing cyanide with sulfur. Silver salts are poorly soluble in water. [Kenichi Morinaga and Katsunori Nakahara] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
シアン酸HOCNの硫黄置換体である。化学式HSCN。式量59.1。チオシアン酸水素HSCNおよびその水溶液をこのようによぶ。細粉にして乾燥したチオシアン酸カリウムと硫酸水素カリウムを反応させ、発生する気体を冷却するとチオシアン酸水素が得られ、これを水に溶解するとチオシアン酸が得られる。俗称ロダン酸rhodanic acid、硫青酸。天然にはタマネギなどに遊離の酸として存在し、塩やエステルとしても広く存在する。チオシアン酸水素は融点-110℃の物質であるが、-90℃~-85℃で重合して無色の結晶性物質となっている。室温では分解して暗赤色となる。チオシアン酸とイソチオシアン酸HNCSの互変異性が可能で、気相や四塩化炭素溶液では後者が存在する。RSCNとRNCS(Rはアルキル基)のエステルが知られる。水にはよく溶け、強い一塩基酸。希薄水溶液は安定で、直線形のチオシアン酸イオンSCN-を生じている。チオシアン酸イオンは鉄(Ⅲ)イオンにより血赤色を呈し、確認試験に用いられる。チオシアン酸イオンが配位した金属錯体が多数知られている。カリウム塩はシアン化物を硫黄(いおう)と融解して得られる。銀塩は水に難溶。 [守永健一・中原勝儼] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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