A general term for structures inside cells that are specially differentiated parts of protoplasm, also known as organelles. Organelles, usually excluding metaplasm, are divided into two major categories: (1) those that have DNA and replicate themselves, such as the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts; and (2) those that do not have DNA, such as the endoplasmic reticulum, microtubules, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus, and microbodies. In addition to these two categories, in some cases the term may be limited to those in (1) that have DNA, and those in (2) that are connected to other parts by membranes, such as lysosomes and microbodies. The term organelle was originally given to the fact that in cases where an individual is made up of a single cell, such as protozoa, the organelles within the individual are themselves intracellular structures. [Hiroshi Ooka] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
細胞内にあり、原形質の一部が特殊に分化した構造物の総称で、オルガネラともいう。細胞小器官は普通、後形質は含まず、次のように2大別される。(1)DNAをもち自己増殖を行うもの、すなわち核、ミトコンドリア、葉緑体など。(2)DNAをもたない小胞体、微小管、リソゾーム、ゴルジ装置、ミクロボディなど。以上の2大別のほか、場合によっては(1)のDNAをもつもの、および(2)のうちの膜によってほかの部分とくぎられているリソゾーム、ミクロボディなどに限定することもある。細胞小器官という語はもともと、原生動物のように個体が1細胞からなる場合に、個体内の器官がそのまま細胞内構造となっているのでつけられた。 [大岡 宏] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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