As is well known, costumes do not only protect our bodies from external natural conditions (such as heat and cold), but also serve as social and cultural symbols that indicate the wearer's gender, age, marital status, status, occupation, religion, ethnicity, etc. The book "Functions of Folk Costume in Moravia and Slovakia" (1937) by Pyotr G. Bogatyryov (1893-1971), a Russian folklorist and semiotician, was a pioneering work in the study of the structural function of costumes from this perspective, and one chapter in the book, "Headdresses for Unmarried Mothers," is a thought-provoking example of the symbolic function of costumes and, by extension, the "institutional coercive force" that they create in society. In some parts of Moravia-Slovakia, a girl who becomes an "unmarried mother" through sexual immorality has her loose braided hair cut and is made to wear the same headgear as married women; this change is made without request as soon as the pregnancy is known, and it certainly distinguishes the "fallen girl" from other single girls in the community. *Some of the terminology referenced in "Costume Folklore" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…よく知られるように,衣装は単にわれわれの身体を外的な自然の諸条件(暑さ寒さなど)から保護するだけではなく,その着用者の性別,年齢,婚姻の有無,身分,職業,宗教,民族等々を示す,社会的・文化的な記号としての役割をもっている。ロシア出身の民俗学者・記号論学者ボガトゥイリョフPyotr G.Bogatyryov(1893‐1971)が著した《モラビア・スロバキアにおける民俗衣装の諸機能(邦訳題《衣裳のフォークロア》)》(1937)は,このような側面からの衣装の構造的機能研究の先駆的な業績であるが,その中の一章〈未婚の母のかぶりもの〉は,衣装というものがもつシンボリックな機能,ひいてはそれが社会の中で形づくる〈制度的強制力〉を知る上で,示唆に富む事例となっている。モラビア・スロバキアのいくつかの地域では,性道徳を犯し〈未婚の母〉となった娘は,編んで垂らした髪を切られ,既婚女性と同じかぶりものをすることになるのであるが,そのような変更は,妊娠が知れるやいなや有無をいわさずに行われ,その〈堕落した娘〉は,共同社会の中で他の独身の娘とまちがいなく区別されることになるのである。… ※「《衣裳のフォークロア》」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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