A Greek botanist and pharmacologist from the Roman period. He was from Anazarbus in Asia Minor (now near Adana in Turkey) and was active in the second half of the 1st century. He served as a military surgeon in the army of the Roman Emperor Nero (reigned 54-68), and in medical terms, he advocated the theory of the four humors (the theory that the cause of disease is an imbalance of the four humors). He wrote the encyclopedic De materia medica ( Peri hylēs iatrikēs/De materia medica) in five volumes. It lists about 600 types of medicinal herbs, and records their names and medicinal effects. He carefully selected and organized the knowledge of medicinal herbs from the era from Plato to Emperor Nero, while eliminating superstition, and scientifically criticized the older pharmacological books from before that time. This book has had an influence even after the Renaissance. [Hirata Hiroshi] "Dioscorides's Drugs" (Translated by Izumi Washitani, 1983, Enterprise) [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ローマ時代のギリシア系の植物学者、薬学者。小アジアのアナザルボス(現、トルコのアダナ付近)の出身で、1世紀後半に活躍した。ローマ皇帝ネロ(在位54~68)の軍隊で軍医として勤務、医学的には四体液説(病気の原因は四つの体液のアンバランスにあるとした説)をとった。著書に百科事典的な『薬物誌』Peri hylēs iatrikēs/De materia medica5巻がある。そこには約600種の薬草があげられ、それらの名称と薬効が記されている。そしてプラトンからネロ帝までの時代の薬草の知識を、迷信を排しながら注意深く選択、整理し、それ以前の古い薬学書を科学的に批判している。この著書は、ルネサンス以後までも影響を及ぼした。 [平田 寛] 『鷲谷いづみ訳『ディオスコリデスの薬物誌』(1983・エンタプライズ)』 [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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