A compound that can be considered as a diamide of thiocarbonic acid, or as a compound in which the oxygen of urea has been replaced by sulfur (thio is the prefix for sulfur, hence the name thiourea). It is also called thiocarbamide. It is synthesized by reacting cyanamide, H 2 NCN, with hydrogen sulfide, H 2 S, or by isomerizing ammonium thiocyanate, NH 4 SCN, by heating it to 170-180°C. It is a colorless crystal. It is soluble in water and ethanol (ethyl alcohol), but is practically insoluble in ether. Its aqueous solution is neutral. It forms complexes with metal salts. When hydrolyzed with acid or alkali, it decomposes into ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and carbon dioxide. It is condensed with formaldehyde to form thiourea resin (urea resin). It is used as a raw material for dyes and medicines, and in analytical chemistry as a reagent for colorimetric determination and precipitation separation of metals. It is a ferroelectric. [Kiyoshi Mutai] [References] | | | | | | | [Supplementary information] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
チオ炭酸のジアミド、あるいは尿素の酸素を硫黄(いおう)で置換した(チオは硫黄を示す接頭語で、チオ尿素の名はこのことに由来する)とみなすことができる化合物。チオカルバミドともいう。シアナミドH2NCNと硫化水素H2Sを反応させるか、あるいはチオシアン酸アンモニウムNH4SCNを170~180℃に加熱して異性化させて合成される。無色の結晶。水、エタノール(エチルアルコール)にはよく溶けるが、エーテルにはほとんど溶けない。水溶液は中性である。金属塩と錯体をつくる。酸またはアルカリで加水分解すると、アンモニア、硫化水素および二酸化炭素に分解する。ホルムアルデヒドと縮合してチオ尿素樹脂(ユリア樹脂)をつくる。染料や医薬の原料として用いられるほか、分析化学では金属の比色定量および沈殿分離用の試薬として利用される。強誘電体である。 [務台 潔] [参照項目] | | | | | | | [補完資料] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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