Dunbar, Paul Laurence

Japanese: ダンバー(英語表記)Dunbar, Paul Laurence
Dunbar, Paul Laurence
Born June 27, 1872 in Dayton, Ohio
Died: February 8, 1906, Dayton, Ohio. American black poet and novelist. Born to runaway slaves, he worked as an elevator boy while devoting himself to poetry. He self-published his first collection of poems, Oak and Ivy (1893), and his second collection, Majors and Minors (95). He compiled these two works into Lyrics of Lowly Life (96), which became famous for its preface by W.D. Howells. He then gave lectures, traveled to England, and worked as the Librarian of Congress (97-98), which caused him to become overworked. He turned to novels and published works one after another, but he fell ill with tuberculosis and died at the early age of 33. His major works include the poetry collections Lyrics of Love and Laughter (1903) and Lyrics of Sunshine and Shadow (05), as well as the novels The Fanatics (01) and The Sport of the Gods (02).

Dunbar
Dunbar

A town in the northeast of East Lothian, southeast Scotland, UK. It is located on the south shore of the mouth of the Firth of Forth, an inlet of the North Sea. The town developed under the protection of a fortress built around 856, and today it is mainly involved in tourism, fishing, agriculture, and the production of beer and whiskey. Although it is a small town, it is historically important. In the 14th century, the fortress was besieged by English troops, and in the 16th century, Mary Queen of Scots took refuge here twice in times of crisis. The fortress was destroyed in 1568 by the Earl of Moray, regent for James I, who succeeded Mary to the throne. In the southeastern suburbs is the site of the Battle of Dunbar, fought on September 3, 1650, between the English army under Oliver Cromwell and the Scottish army under David Leslie. Population: 6,354 (2001).

Dunbar
Dunbar, William

[Born] Around 1460
[died] c.1520 Scottish Chaucerian poet. He entered the Franciscan order at a young age, but later abandoned it to serve James IV and engage in diplomatic missions. In 1501 he accompanied the envoy arranging the marriage between James IV and Margaret, daughter of Henry VII of England. In addition to the political allegory The Thrissil and the Rois (1503) which praises this marriage, he also wrote the love allegory The Goldyn Targe, the religious dream poem The Dance of the Sevin Deidly Synnis, and the dialogue satirizing women The Twa Maryit Women and the Wedo (c.1508), all of which display Rabelais-like humor, satire, and imagination.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1872.6.27. オハイオ,デートン
[没]1906.2.8. オハイオ,デートン
アメリカの黒人詩人,小説家。逃亡奴隷を両親として生れ,エレベータボーイなどをしながら詩作に専心,処女詩集『オークと蔦』 Oak and Ivy (1893) ,第2詩集『長調と短調』 Majors and Minors (95) を自費出版。その2作を『下層生活の抒情詩』 Lyrics of Lowly Life (96) としてまとめ,W. D.ハウエルズの序文によって有名になった。その後は講演,イギリス旅行,国会図書館員 (97~98) の仕事などで過労がかさみ,小説に転じて矢つぎばやに作品を発表するうち結核に倒れ,33歳で早世した。主著,詩集『愛と笑いの抒情詩』 Lyrics of Love and Laughter (1903) ,『日光と影の抒情詩』 Lyrics of Sunshine and Shadow (05) ,小説『狂信者』 The Fanatics (01) ,『神々の戯れ』 The Sport of the Gods (02) など。

ダンバー
Dunbar

イギリス,スコットランド南東部,イーストロージアン北東部の町。北海の入り海フォース湾の湾口部南岸にある。856年頃建設された城塞に守られて発展した町で,今日では観光業を中心に漁業,農業,ビールやウイスキーの製造などを行なう。小さな町であるが歴史的に重要で,14世紀にはイングランド軍により城塞が攻囲され,16世紀にはスコットランド女王メアリー・スチュアートが危機に際して 2度にわたりここに身を隠した。城塞はメアリーを退けて王位についたジェームズ1世の摂政マレー伯によって 1568年に破壊された。南東郊には 1650年9月3日にオリバー・クロムウェル指揮下のイングランド軍とデービッド・レズリー指揮下のスコットランド軍の間で戦われたダンバーの戦いの古戦場がある。人口 6354(2001)。

ダンバー
Dunbar, William

[生]1460頃
[没]1520頃
スコットランドのチョーサー派詩人。若くしてフランシスコ修道会に入り,のちこの道を捨ててジェームズ4世に仕え,外交の任務に携わった。 1501年ジェームズ4世とイギリス国王ヘンリー7世の娘マーガレットとの結婚を取り決める使節に同行。この結婚をたたえる政治的寓意詩『あざみとばら』 The Thrissil and the Rois (1503) のほか,愛の寓意詩『黄金の盾』 The Goldyn Targe,宗教的夢幻詩『七大罪の踊り』 The Dance of the Sevin Deidly Synnis,女性風刺の対話詩『二人の既婚女と未亡人』 The Twa Maryit Women and the Wedo (1508頃) などを書き,ラブレー風のユーモア,風刺,想像力を示している。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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