Bazaar (English spelling) bāzār (Persian)

Japanese: バザール - ばざーる(英語表記)bāzār ペルシア語
Bazaar (English spelling) bāzār (Persian)

Today, the word is used in various ways, but originally it referred to a marketplace unique to Islamic culture. In Arabic, it is called sūq. It is a department market with shops and artisan workshops lined on both sides of a narrow covered street. It was located near a mosque and was closely related to religious activities for the propagation of Islam. Usually, one bazaar is made up of businesses of the same type, but bakeries, butchers, drink shops, etc. could open in any bazaar. Such traditional bazaars are gradually disappearing. The word was transferred to Europe and its meaning expanded to include stores selling various goods, department stores, and shopping streets. The English word bazaar, which is a derivative of bazaar, refers to a general goods market, a bargain sale area in a department store, a charity market, etc., in addition to the original meaning mentioned above. The Japanese word bazaar often referred to a charity market, but the meaning of charity gradually faded away, and it came to refer more to an event where social and public service organizations, schools, and local community organizations brought goods to sell on the spot, with the profits used to fund their operations. The origin of the bazaar in Japan is said to be the Women's Charity Association held at Rokumeikan in 1884 (Meiji 17).

[Mitsuo Morimoto]

[References] | Islam | Islamic culture | Mosques

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

今日ではさまざまな意味で用いられるが、もとはイスラム文化圏特有の市場(いちば)をさすことばであった。アラビア語ではスークsūqという。屋根のある狭い通りの両側に商店や職人の工房が並ぶ百貨市場である。モスクの近くに所在し、イスラム教布教のための宗教活動との関係が深いものであった。普通、同一業種で一つのバザールをつくるが、パン屋、肉屋、飲み物屋などはどのバザールにも店を開くことができた。このような伝統的なバザールはしだいに姿を消しつつある。この語がヨーロッパに移って、種々の品を扱う店、百貨店、商店街と意味が広がった。バザールが転じた英語のバザーbazar, bazaarは、前述のような本来の意味のほか、雑貨市、百貨店の特売場、慈善市などをさす。日本語のバザーは慈善市をさすことが多かったが、慈善の意味はしだいに薄れ、社会・公共事業団体、学校、地域住民組織などが品物を持ち寄って即売し、収益をそれらの運営資金にする行事をさすことが多くなった。日本での起源は、1884年(明治17)鹿鳴館(ろくめいかん)で行われた婦人慈善会であるとされている。

[森本三男]

[参照項目] | イスラム教 | イスラム文化 | モスク

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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