Monocotyledonae; monocots

Japanese: 単子葉植物 - たんしようしょくぶつ(英語表記)monocotyledonae; monocots
Monocotyledonae; monocots
A plant group that is roughly divided into two groups of angiosperms, along with dicotyledons, in which seeds produce one leaf (cotyledon) when they germinate (although dicotyledons have two or more). There are about 50,000 known species worldwide, most of which are herbaceous. Monocotyledons and dicotyledons were first distinguished by J. Ray of England. He recognized that the difference in the number of cotyledons corresponds to the difference in the shape of the leaf veins, the structure of the flower, and the morphology of the vascular bundles. Regarding the structure of the flower, it is generally known that in modern monocotyledons, the base number of each part of the flower is three, while in dicotyledons, the base number is five or four. In addition to the number of cotyledons and the base number of each part of the flower, as mentioned above, the main characteristics of monocotyledons are that they have parallel veins, scattered vascular bundles (scattered central pillar), and no cambium, so the stem does not form annual rings. However, for example, in the genera Sorbus and Ubayi of the Liliaceae family and in the Araceae family, the veins of the leaves are developed in a net-like form, which resembles the leaves of dicotyledons. Most monocotyledonous plants are herbaceous, but it is more common for plants in the palm family, Agavaceae, Musaceae, Yucca and Agave family in the lily family, and bamboos in the grass family to grow into tall trees. The main families of monocotyledonous plants are Orchidaceae, Iridaceae, Liliaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Gramineae, Cyperaceae, Araceae, Palmae, and Bromeliaceae.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
双子葉植物とともに被子植物を大きく2分する植物群で,種子が発芽する際に1枚の葉 (子葉) を出す (双子葉植物では2枚または2枚以上) 。世界中で約5万種が知られ,その大部分は草本である。単子葉植物と双子葉植物はイギリスの J.レイによって最初に区別された。彼は子葉の数の差異が,葉脈の形,花の構造および維管束の形態の差異と一致することを認めた。花の構造に関しては,現生の単子葉植物では花の各部分が3を基本数とし,双子葉植物では5または4を基本数としていることが一般的に知られている。単子葉植物のおもな特徴は,前述したような子葉の数および花の各部分の基本数のほかに,平行脈をもち,維管束は散在し (散在中心柱) 形成層をもたないので茎が年輪をつくらないなどである。しかし,たとえばユリ科のサルトリイバラ属やウバユリ属,サトイモ科などでは葉脈は網状に発達していて双子葉植物の葉に似ている。また単子葉植物は大部分が草本であるが,ヤシ科,リュウゼツラン科,バショウ科やユリ科のユッカ属,リュウケツジュ属,イネ科のタケ類などでは高木になるのがむしろ普通である。単子葉植物のおもな科にはラン科 Orchidaceae,アヤメ科 Iridaceae,ユリ科 Liliaceae,ヒガンバナ科 Amaryllidaceae,イネ科 Gramineae,カヤツリグサ科 Cyperaceae,サトイモ科 Araceae,ヤシ科 Palmae,パイナップル科 Bromeliaceaeなどがある。

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