Kosovo is the capital of the Republic of Kosovo, located on the Balkan Peninsula in southeastern Europe. It has a population of 186,611 (1999), 170,000 (2008 estimate). After being ruled by Byzantium and Bulgaria, it came under Serbian control in the 12th century, and prospered as a mining and trade center in the 14th and 15th centuries due to the development of the nearby Novo Brdo mines (mainly silver). However, in 1389, the Serbian army was defeated by the Turkish army in the Battle of Kosovo, and it remained under Turkish control until it was re-incorporated into Serbia during the First Balkan War (1912-13). After many Serbs fled north, many Albanians settled there, and today they make up more than 80% of the population. Nearby are the Gracanica Monastery, built in the early 14th century, the Heroes' Monument on the Kosovo Plain, the Mausoleum of the assassinated Turkish Sultan Murat, and the 15th century Turkish baths, clock tower, and mosque that remain in the old town. The city is gradually transforming into a modern city, with a university, radio and television stations, an Institute of Albanian Studies, and a modern library. There are textile, food, building material, and furniture factories, as well as a thermal power plant that uses lignite produced nearby. [Tamura Ritsu] [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ヨーロッパ南東部、バルカン半島に位置するコソボ共和国の首都。人口18万6611(1999)、17万(2008推計)。ビザンティン、ブルガリアの支配を受けたのち、12世紀にセルビアの支配下に入り、14~15世紀には近くのノボ・ブルドNovo Brdo鉱山(おもに銀)が開発されたために採鉱、交易の中心地として大いに繁栄した。だが1389年、コソボの戦いでセルビア軍がトルコ軍に大敗し、その後、第一次バルカン戦争(1912~13)でふたたびセルビアに編入されるまで、トルコの支配下にあった。多くのセルビア人が北方に逃れたのち、アルバニア人が多数入植し、現在では住民の8割以上を占めている。近郊には14世紀初頭に建てられたグラチャニツァ修道院、コソボ平原に立つ英雄記念塔、暗殺されたトルコのスルタン・ムラトの霊廟(れいびょう)、旧市街に残る15世紀のトルコ浴場、時計塔、モスクなどが有名。大学、ラジオ・テレビ局、アルバニア学研究所、現代的なつくりの図書館などがあり、しだいに近代都市へ変貌(へんぼう)しつつある。織物・食品・建材・家具工場のほか、近くで産出する褐炭を利用した火力発電所がある。 [田村 律] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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