Victoria

Japanese: ビクトリア（英語表記）Victoria

Hong Kong's former seat of government. It is located on the western north coast of Hong Kong Island, facing Kowloon across a strait 0.5 to 2.5 km wide. With Victoria Peak (Mt. Taiping) towering to the south, the city stretches along the coast in a long, narrow strip. Administratively, it includes six of Hong Kong Island's eleven districts. Since Hong Kong Island and Kowloon became British colonies in 1842, it has become a free trade port and developed through transit trade. Since the 1970s, local exports, mainly textiles and sewn products, have increased rapidly. The center of the city is Central, where the former Government House, City Hall, Consulate General, trading companies, shipping companies, etc. are located, and to the east are the downtown areas of Wan Chai and Causeway Bay. There are many factories in North Point in the east. Hong Kong University is located in West in the west. High-rise buildings stand in the center, and residential areas extend to the mountainside. The coast is lined with wharves, and the port is a busy place with large ocean-going ships and ferries. For sightseeing, there are cityscapes such as the high-rise buildings overlooking the harbor, the downtown area lined with Chinese signs, and the back streets lined with street stalls, as well as a horse racing track. The entire city can be viewed from Victoria Peak.

Victoria
Victoria

Born: May 24, 1819, London
[Died] January 22, 1901. Queen of the United Kingdom of England of the House of Osborne of Hanover (reigned 1837-1901). Since 1876, she has also held the title of Empress of India. Daughter of Edward, Duke of Kent, fourth son of George III. Childhood name Alexandrina Victoria. After the death of her uncle William IV, she ascended to the throne at the age of 18 (1837) and was educated as a monarch by Melbourne the Younger, who was the leader of the Whig Party and Prime Minister at the time. In 1840, she married Prince Albert (English name Albert) of Saxe-Coburg-Gouda, and gave birth to their eldest son (later Edward VII) the following year. Victoria played an important role, albeit a supporting one, in receiving advice from Prince Albert on court affairs, the duties of the monarch, the involvement of the royal family in domestic affairs, and the position of the royal family in foreign affairs. After the death of her husband in 1861, she retired to seclusion, but continued to be interested in politics. Her reign of 64 years, the longest in British history, was the height of British imperialism known as the Victorian era, and produced such outstanding politicians as Palmerston the Younger, W. Gladstone, and B. Disraeli.

Victoria
Victoria, Tomás Luis de

Born: 1548, Avila
Died August 27, 1611, Madrid. Spanish composer. He went to Rome to study theology and studied under Palestrina. In 1569 he was organist and conductor at the Basilica of Santa Maria di Monteserrat in Rome, and in 1571 he succeeded Palestrina as music teacher at the Roman Seminary, and in 1573 he became conductor at the Collegium Germanicum. He then worked as a priest at the Basilica of San Girolamo della Carita, and returned to Spain in 1585. In 1596 he became organist and nominal conductor for Empress Maria in Madrid, and after her death he served her daughter Margaret. His compositions include many religious music such as motets, masses, and magnificats, and he is known for his mastery of contrapuntal techniques comparable to Palestrina's, as well as his style with strong mystical overtones.

Victoria
Victoria

The capital of British Columbia, Canada. Located at the southeastern tip of Vancouver Island, it has the mildest climate in Canada. It receives most of its rainfall in winter. The Hudson's Bay Company established a fur trading post here in 1843. It was the capital of the colony of Vancouver Island from 1848 to 1868. In the 1960s, it became the headquarters for the discovery of gold in the Cariboo Mountains, and its population grew. It was the largest city in the province until the transcontinental railroad reached Vancouver. It is now the political and tourist center of the province. It has an important port on the Pacific coast and is a key location for the distribution of goods between mainland Canada and the United States. Industries include lumber, shipbuilding, and food processing. It is home to the University of Victoria and the Provincial Museum. Population 71,228 (1991).

Victoria
Victoria

The capital of Seychelles. A port city. Located on the northeast coast of the main island of Maaé. Although it is close to the equator, the climate is comfortable due to the sea breeze and there are no cyclones. It has a deep-water port and has developed as the country's only port for foreign ships. It is the administrative and commercial center, and exports copra, vanilla, cinnamon, peppermint, guano, etc. It is connected by ship to Europe, India, Madagascar, and East Africa, and there is an international airport nearby. It is the tourist base of Seychelles. Population 26,450 (2010).

Victoria
Victoria, Guadalupe

[Born] 1789
[Died] 1843
Leader of the Mexican independence movement. President (in office 1824-29). His real name was Manuel Félix Fernández. In 1810, he participated in the rebellion led by M. Hidalgo y Costilla. After the rebellion was defeated, he continued the struggle in the mountains near Veracruz. In 1823, he joined the rebellion against Emperor A. Iturbide, and in 1824, he was elected the first president of the Republic.

Victoria
Victoria

A port city in southwestern Cameroon, overlooking Ambassadeu Bay, a branch of the Gulf of Guinea. Founded by Baptist missionaries in 1858. It once flourished as the largest port in the British Trust Territory, but lost its prosperity to the port of Douala because large ships could not dock there. It exports coffee, cacao, coconut oil, palm oil, bananas, rubber, etc. Population: 42,511 (1987 estimate).

Victoria
Victoria

A city in southern Texas, United States. It lies on the Guadalupe River. It was founded in 1824 and was the site of the Texas independence movement. It is a cattle ranching center. Since the 1940s, it has become an important center for oil and natural gas production on the Gulf of Mexico. It has a population of 55,076 (1990).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

ホンコンの旧政庁所在地。ホンコン島の北岸西部にあり，幅 0.5～2.5kmの海峡を挟んでカオルーン（九竜）と向かい合う。南にビクトリア峰（太平山）がそびえるため，市街は海岸沿いに細長く連なる。行政的にはホンコン島の 11区のうち 6区が含まれる。1842年ホンコン島とカオルーンがイギリス領となって以来，自由貿易港となり，中継貿易で発展してきた。1970年代からは紡織，縫製品を中心とする地場輸出が急激に増大した。中心は旧総督官邸，市庁舎，総領事館，商社，海運会社などの集まるセントラル（中環）で，東に繁華街のワンチャイ（湾仔），コーズウェーベイ（銅鑼湾）が続く。東部のノースポイント（北角）には工場が多い。西部のウェスト（西環）にはホンコン大学がある。中心部には高層ビルが立ち並び，住宅地は山腹にまで広がる。海岸には埠頭が連なり，大型外航船からフェリーまで，出入港が活発。観光は，港湾に臨む高層ビル街，中国語の看板が並ぶ繁華街，露店の連なる裏通りなどの都市景観のほか，競馬場などがある。ビクトリア峰からは全市を展望できる。

ビクトリア
Victoria

[生]1819.5.24. ロンドン
[没]1901.1.22. オズボーン
ハノーバー朝のイギリス女王 (在位 1837～1901) 。 1876年以降はインド女帝の称号をあわせもつ。ジョージ3世の4男ケント公エドワードの娘。幼名アレクサンドリナ・ビクトリア。伯父ウィリアム4世の死後 18歳で即位し (1837) ，ホイッグ党の首領であり当時首相であったメルバーン (子)から君主としての教育を受けた。 40年ザクセン＝コーブルク＝ゴーダ家のアルベルト (イギリス名アルバート) 公と結婚し，翌年長男 (のちのエドワード7世) を産んだ。アルバート公より宮廷事務，君主の任務，内政面における王室の介入，対外面での王室の立場などの助言を受け，ビクトリアは脇役的とはいえ重要な役割を果した。 61年夫の死後，隠遁生活に入ったが，政治への関心をもち続けた。彼女のイギリス史上最長の治世期間である 64年間はビクトリア時代と呼ばれるイギリス帝国主義の最盛期で，パーマストン (子)，W.グラッドストン，B.ディズレーリらのすぐれた政治家が輩出した。

ビクトリア
Victoria， Tomás Luis de

[生]1548頃.アビラ
[没]1611.8.27. マドリード
スペインの作曲家。ローマに神学の勉強におもむき，パレストリーナの教えを受け，1569年以来ローマのサンタ・マリア・ディ・モンテセラート聖堂のオルガン奏者兼楽長，71年パレストリーナのあとをうけてローマ神学校の音楽教師，73年コレギウム・ゲルマニクムの楽長となった。その後サン・ジロラモ・デラ・カリタ聖堂で聖職者として活躍し，85年にスペインに戻った。 96年マドリードのオルガン奏者，マリア皇后の名義上の楽長として，彼女の死後はその娘マルガリータに仕えた。作品は，モテト，ミサ曲，マニフィカトなどの宗教音楽が多く，パレストリーナに匹敵する対位法の技巧の熟達とともに，神秘主義的な色彩の濃い作風によって知られる。

ビクトリア
Victoria

カナダ，ブリティシュコロンビア州の州都。バンクーバー島の南東端に位置し，カナダでは最も気候の温和な地域。雨量は冬に多い。ハドソン湾会社が 1843年毛皮交易所を設立。 48～68年までバンクーバー島植民地の首都。 60年代には，カリブー山地における金鉱発見後の本部となり人口も増加し，大陸横断鉄道がバンクーバーに達するまでは，州最大の都市であった。現在は州の政治，観光の中心地。太平洋岸における重要な港湾をもち，カナダ本土やアメリカ合衆国との物資流通の要地でもある。製材業，造船業，食品加工業などが行われる。ビクトリア大学，州立博物館がある。人口7万 1228 (1991) 。

ビクトリア
Victoria

セーシェルの首都。港町。主島のマーエ島北東岸に位置。赤道に近いが，海風により気候は快適で，サイクロンの襲来もない。深水港があり，同国唯一の外国船用の港として発展。行政，商業の中心地で，コプラ，バニラ，シナモン，ハッカ，グアノなどを輸出。ヨーロッパ，インド，マダガスカル，東アフリカ方面と船で結ばれ，近くに国際空港もある。セーシェル観光の拠点。人口 2万6450（2010）。

ビクトリア
Victoria， Guadalupe

[生]1789
[没]1843
メキシコ独立運動の指導者。大統領 (在任 1824～29) 。本名 Manuel Félix Fernández。 1810年 M.イダルゴ・イ・コスティリャの反乱に参加。反乱敗北後もベラクルス近くの山にこもり闘争を続けた。 23年 A.イトゥルビデ皇帝に対する反乱に加わり，24年共和国初代大統領に選ばれた。

ビクトリア
Victoria

カメルーン南西部，ギニア湾支湾のアンバス湾にのぞむ港湾都市。 1858年バプテスト派宣教師が建設。かつてイギリス信託統治領地域の最大の港として栄えたが，大型船が接岸できないためドゥアラ港に繁栄を奪われた。コーヒー，カカオ，やし油，パーム油，バナナ，ゴムなどを輸出する。人口4万 2511 (1987推計) 。