Tankiri bean - Tankiri bean

Japanese: タンキリマメ - たんきりまめ
Tankiri bean - Tankiri bean

A perennial creeping plant of the legume family (APG classification: Fabaceae). It is found in the mountains and fields of Japan (west of the Kanto region), the Korean Peninsula, China, and the Philippines. The stems are creeping and covered with short, yellowish-brown soft hairs. The leaves are alternate and trifoliate with long stalks. The leaflets are obovate, thick, 3-5 cm long and 2.5-4 cm wide, with glandular dots on the underside and short pedicels. From July to September, racemes 2-4 cm long appear in the leaf axils, and yellow, butterfly-shaped flowers 8-10 mm long bloom. The flagellum is broad and erect, and the wing and boat petals are long and slender. The tip of the calyx is divided into five lobes, but the lower lobes are particularly long and have hairs and glandular dots. The legumes ripen red in autumn (1.5 cm long, 1 cm wide) and contain 2 black seeds.

[Motoo Nagasawa October 18, 2019]

Medicinal

In Japan, it is customary to brew 15 to 30 grams of the seeds a day as a cough suppressant. The name Tankiri Bean comes from the fact that this treatment helps to clear phlegm. The Chinese names for Tankiri Bean are Rokkaku, Rokuzu, and Yaryokuzu, and the leaves are used to cool the blood, detoxify, and as a painkiller to treat headaches, stomachaches, backaches, postpartum fever, furuncles, and swellings. The roots are used to treat childhood colic, as well as menstrual pain and furuncles.

[Motoo Nagasawa October 18, 2019]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

マメ科(APG分類:マメ科)のつる性多年草。日本(関東地方以西)のほか、朝鮮半島、中国、フィリピンの山野に分布する。茎はつる状となり、全体に黄褐色の短い軟毛を密生する。葉は互生し、長い柄のある3出複葉となる。小葉は長さ3~5センチメートル、幅2.5~4センチメートルの倒卵形で厚く、下面に腺点(せんてん)があり、短い小柄をもつ。7~9月、葉腋(ようえき)に長さ2~4センチメートルの総状花序を出し、長さ8~10ミリメートルの黄色の蝶形花(ちょうけいか)を開く。旗(き)弁は幅広くて直立し、翼(よく)弁と舟(ふな)弁は細長い。萼(がく)の先端は5裂するが、下側の裂片がとくに長く、毛と腺点をもつ。秋に豆果は赤く熟し(長さ1.5センチメートル、幅1センチメートル)、中に2個の黒色種子をもつ。

[長沢元夫 2019年10月18日]

薬用

日本では、民間的に1日15~30グラムの種子を煎(せん)じて咳(せき)止めに用いる。タンキリマメの名は、こうした療法で痰(たん)の切れがよくなることに由来する。タンキリマメを漢名では鹿藿(ろっかく)、鹿豆(ろくず)、野緑豆(やりょくず)といい、葉を凉血(りょうけつ)、解毒、鎮痛剤として頭痛、腹痛、腰痛、産褥(さんじょく)熱、るいれき、腫(は)れ物などの治療に用いる。また、根は小児の疳積(かんしゃく)のほか、月経痛、るいれきなどの治療に用いる。

[長沢元夫 2019年10月18日]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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