Short take-off and landing airplane; STOL

Japanese: 短距離離着陸機 - たんきょりりちゃくりくき（英語表記）short take-off and landing airplane; STOL

An airplane with a shorter takeoff and landing distance than usual. It is abbreviated as STOL. Development began in the early 1960s, and the requirements were that it could take off and land in poor and narrow terrain such as in the mountains or on rough ground, that it could ascend or approach at a steep angle, that it could land slowly, and that it could take off and land on a runway less than 150 meters long. To achieve this, it was necessary to increase the lift, and high-lift devices such as full-span slats on the leading edge of the main wing and double-slot flaps on the trailing edge were installed, and in turboprop aircraft, the propeller wake was deflected downward, and in turbofan aircraft, the jet exhaust was deflected downward. In Japan, the STOL experimental aircraft "Asuka" developed by the Science and Technology Agency in the 1980s is well known. "Asuka" was based on the Air Self-Defense Force's C-1 transport aircraft, and a fan jet was attached, and the engine exhaust was blown out over the top of the main wing and bent downward, generating two to three times the lift of a normal aircraft. The first flight was on October 28, 1985, and flight tests continued until March 1989.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

離着陸距離を通常よりも短くした飛行機。 STOLと略称される。 1960年代初期に開発が始まったもので，山の中や不整地など地形が悪くて狭いところでも離着陸できるよう，急角度で上昇または進入し，着陸速度が遅く，滑走路は 150m以下で発着可能なことが条件であった。そのためには揚力を高める必要があり，主翼前縁にフルスパン・スラット，後縁にダブルスロット・フラップなどの高揚力装置を設けたり，ターボプロップ機ではプロペラ後流を下向きに偏流させ，ターボファン機ではジェット排気を下向きに偏流させるなどの方法がとられる。日本では 1980年代に開発が進められた科学技術庁の STOL実験機『飛鳥』が知られている。『飛鳥』は航空自衛隊のC-1輸送機を基本としてファンジェットを取り付け，エンジン排気を主翼上面に吹き出して下向きに曲げる方式で，通常の2～3倍の揚力を発生することができた。 1985年 10月 28日に初飛行，1989年3月まで飛行実験が行なわれた。

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