Tarumisou - Tarumisou

Toji's estate occupied part of Enozaka-go, Teshima-gun, Settsu Province (Suita City and Toyonaka City, Osaka Prefecture). The estate was located in the alluvial marshes downstream of the Yodo River and Kanzaki River, and was the most vulnerable to flooding. During the Ritsuryo period, the estate was repeatedly developed and devastated, with land allotment and land division under the Jori system being implemented. In 812 (Kōnin 3), part of the reclaimed land owned by Princess Fuse, who lived in the estate, was donated to Toji by imperial decree, and it is said that this became Tarumizu-sho. By the end of the 12th century, temple and shrine territories such as the Sekkanke territory (later the Kasugasha territory of Tarumi Nishimaki), Seijuji territory, and Unrin-in territory were established within four villages within the town (Hozumi village, Ozone village, Enokizaka village, and Tarumi village), and Tarumi-sho straddled both Enokizaka and Ozone villages. In that the territories crossed village boundaries and were intertwined, it showed the characteristics of a Kinai-type manor, and according to the inspection book from 1189 (Bun'ei 5), its area was approximately 90 cho. During the Genpei War, the Geshishiki position in the manor was confiscated, and the Kamakura Shogunate appointed Izumo no Tsubone in its place, but in 1237 (Kasei 3), the Toji side divided the Miekuryoden portion into Shitaji, and then placed the entire manor under the jurisdiction of the Toji Gusochu. However, their control was not sufficient, and after the Geshis fell during the Nanboku-cho Civil War, they finally placed the Gusochu under their direct control. In this case, too, the Shomu Zassho and their deputies were required to pay the taxes, and there was resistance from powerful local village headmen, so taxes were often not paid and the deputies were replaced. In the early 15th century, when the Enoki clan, a vassal of the Hosokawa clan, the governor of Settsu Province, became a magistrate, they used their power as a shugo to expel the "strongest clerks" in the manor, and for several generations the position of magistrate was passed down hereditarily, and at one time they even paid contracted taxes. After the Onin War (1467-77), the Enoki clan came under the control of the Ikeda clan, a local lord in Hokusetsu, and Tarumizu Manor was dissolved and absorbed into the early modern villages.

[Jiro Shimada]

"Studies on the History of Medieval Villages in Japan" edited by Shimada Jiro (1966, Yoshikawa Kobunkan)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

摂津国豊島(てしま)郡榎坂郷(えざかごう)（大阪府吹田(すいた)市および豊中(とよなか)市）の一部を占めた東寺(とうじ)領荘園(しょうえん)。同荘は榎坂郷でも、とくに淀(よど)川、神崎(かんざき)川の下流の沖積低湿地に位置し、その氾濫(はんらん)の影響をもっとも受けやすく、律令(りつりょう)時代の班田・条理制地割の実施を挟んで、開発と荒廃が繰り返された。812年（弘仁3）に、同郷に所在した布施内親王(ふせないしんのう)の墾田の一部が、勅旨により東寺に施入(せにゅう)されて、それが垂水荘となったと伝えられる。12世紀末までには、同郷には摂関家(せっかんけ)領（のちに春日社(かすがしゃ)領垂水西牧(にしまき)）、清住寺(せいじゅうじ)領、雲林院(うりんいん)領などの寺社領が、郷内の4か村（穂積(ほづみ)村、小曽禰(おぞね)村、榎坂村、垂水村）の中に成立しており、垂水荘は榎坂、小曽禰の両村にまたがっていた。村落の境界を越え、相互に所領が入り組むという点で、畿内(きない)型荘園の特徴を示し、1189年（文治5）の検注帳によれば、面積約90町余であった。源平争乱の際、同荘下司職(げししき)は没官され、鎌倉幕府はその跡に出雲局(いずものつぼね)を補任(ぶにん)したが、1237年（嘉禎3）東寺側ではその御影供料田(みえいくりょうでん)分を下地(したじ)分割し、ついで同荘全体を東寺供僧中(ぐそうちゅう)の管轄としたが、その支配は十分でなく、南北朝内乱中に下司らが没落したのち、ようやく供僧中の直務(じきむ)とした。この場合も所務雑掌(しょむざっしょう)やその代官に年貢を請け負わせる方式であり、かつ在地有力名主(みょうしゅ)らの抵抗もあって、しばしば年貢未進や、それに伴う代官の改任が続いた。15世紀初め、摂津国守護細川氏の被官榎木(えのき)氏が代官となると、守護勢力を背景として、荘内の「強々番頭」らを追放し、以後数代にわたり代官職を世襲して、一時は請負年貢も納入された。応仁(おうにん)の乱（1467～77）後、その榎木氏も北摂の国人(こくじん)池田氏らの支配下に置かれ、垂水荘も近世村落の中に解体吸収された。

［島田次郎］

『島田次郎編『日本中世村落史の研究』（1966・吉川弘文館）』

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