This disease causes the leaves and stems of crops to shrink irregularly, resulting in poor growth and deformity, and occurs in rice, wheat, radish, soybean, mulberry, and onions. All of these diseases are caused by viruses, except for mulberry dwarf disease, but the type of virus varies depending on the crop. Rice dwarf disease is one of the most common dwarf diseases, and is caused by the rice dwarf disease virus. It is common in areas south of the Kanto region, and affected rice plants become shorter and have more tillers. The leaves shrink and become short and dark green, and thin pale green spots appear along the veins. Ears often do not appear, but even if they do, they are deformed and do not bear fruit. The pathogenic virus is a spherical particle with a diameter of 70 nanometers, and is transmitted by the green rice leafhopper and the lightning leafhopper. It can be controlled by spraying insecticides to kill the vectors. Wheat dwarf disease also causes leaves to turn dark green and become deformed, such as twisted or wrinkled, and the plant is shorter and often does not produce ears. The pathogenic virus is a rod-shaped particle 120 to 180 nanometers long and 25 nanometers wide, and is transmitted through the soil. It can be prevented by rotating crops and taking a break from wheat cultivation for several years, or by cultivating a stronger variety. Radish dwarf disease causes severe damage, with leaves shrinking significantly and growth stunting. The causal virus is transmitted by aphids. Mulberry dwarf disease has long been the most serious mulberry disease, causing great damage; like other dwarf diseases, the leaves shrink and turn dark green. As it is transmitted by the hishimon leafhopper, the causal agent was thought to be a virus, but it has now been revealed to be a phytoplasma. Disease can be prevented by controlling the vector and cultivating disease-resistant varieties. [Toshihiro Kajiwara] [References] | | | |©Shogakukan "> Major diseases and pests of rice Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
作物の葉や茎が不規則に縮み、生育が悪く、奇形になる病気で、イネ、ムギ類、ダイコン、ダイズ、クワ、ネギ類に発生する。病原は、クワ萎縮病を除いて、いずれもウイルスであるが、作物によってウイルスの種類はそれぞれ異なる。 イネ萎縮病は代表的な萎縮病の一つで、イネ萎縮病ウイルスが病原である。関東地方以南に多く、病気にかかったイネは、草丈が低くなり、分げつが多くなる。葉は萎縮して短く濃緑色となり、葉脈に沿って淡緑色の細い斑点(はんてん)ができる。穂は出ないことが多いが、たとえ出ても奇形になって実らない。病原ウイルスは直径70ナノメートルの球状粒子で、ツマグロヨコバイ、イナズマヨコバイによって媒介される。殺虫剤を散布して媒介虫を殺して防除する。ムギ類萎縮病も葉は濃緑色になり、ねじれたり、ひだを生ずるなど奇形になり、草丈が低く、穂は出ないことが多い。病原ウイルスは長さ120~180ナノメートル、幅25ナノメートルの桿(かん)状粒子で、土壌伝染する。輪作して数年間ムギ作を休むか、強い品種を栽培して防ぐ。ダイコン萎縮病は、葉が著しく縮れ、生育が悪くなり被害が大きい。病原ウイルスはアブラムシが媒介する。クワ萎縮病は古くから被害が大きいもっとも重要なクワの病気で、他の萎縮病同様、葉は縮れて小さく濃緑色になる。ヒシモンヨコバイによって媒介されるので病原はウイルスと考えられていたが、ファイトプラズマであることが明らかにされている。媒介虫の防除、耐病性の品種を栽培して防ぐ。 [梶原敏宏] [参照項目] | | | |©Shogakukan"> イネのおもな病気と害虫 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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