Capuchin Monkey - Omakizaru

Japanese: オマキザル - おまきざる
Capuchin Monkey - Omakizaru

In a broad sense, it is a general term for animals belonging to the order Primates of the class Mammalia and the family Capuchinidae, and in a narrow sense, it refers to the genus Capuchin.

The Capuchin family, Cebidae, is distinguished from the marmosets of Central and South America by their larger size and lack of claws.

There are 36 tails in total. They are divided into 11 genera. Three genera, Aotus (night monkey), Callicebus (titi), and Saimiri (squirrel monkey), are small, weighing around 1 kilogram. Four genera, Cebus (capuchin monkey), Pithecia ( saki), Chiropotes ( bearded saki), and Cacajao (uakari), are larger, weighing 2-4 kilograms. Of these, the three genera except for the capuchin monkey are relatively close in phylogeny and are sometimes grouped together in the subfamily Sakiinae. The four genera, Alouatta (howler monkey), Ateles (spider monkey), Lagothrix (woolly monkey), and Brachyteles (woolly spider monkey), are the largest, weighing 6-11 kilograms. All four genera have strong prehensile tails and can hang by their tails alone.

Capuchin monkeys are also called capuchin monkeys. They are medium-sized among the Capuchin family, weighing 1.1-3.3 kg, with head-body lengths of 32-56 cm, and are sturdy. Their tails are almost as long as their head-body lengths, and they can wrap around tree branches, but their grip is not as strong as that of spider monkeys or howler monkeys, so they cannot hang by their tails alone. The classification of the Capuchin genus is still confusing, but it is usually divided into two groups. One group includes many subspecies, but is grouped together with only one species, the tufted capuchin ( C. apella ). This group has long, dark, dense, erect hairs on the front of the crown of the head, which often form tufts that look like two horns. The second group, which lacks such a tuft on its head, includes three species: the white-faced capuchin C. capucinus , the white-faced capuchin C. albifrons, and the nigrivittatus . The genus Capuchin is very widespread, from Central America to northern Argentina. While most other Capuchin monkeys live exclusively in tropical rainforests and live exclusively in trees, this genus of monkeys also lives in a variety of vegetation environments outside the tropical rainforests and is not uncommonly active on the ground. Capuchin monkeys have a very varied diet, including foods that other New World monkeys do not eat. For example, they eat palm nuts, lizards, frogs, and bird chicks and eggs. All species of Capuchin monkeys usually live in so-called multi-male colonies and have been shown to have a matrilineal social structure. The largest colony known to date is 35 individuals.

[Nishimura Akitatsu]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

広義には哺乳(ほにゅう)綱霊長目オマキザル科に属する動物の総称で、狭義にはそのうちのオマキザル属をさす。

 オマキザル科Cebidaeは、同じ中央・南アメリカにすむマーモセット科のサルとは、身体がより大きいこと、および鉤(かぎ)づめがないことで区別される。歯式は

で36本。11属に分かれる。ヨザルAotus、ティティCallicebus、リスザルSaimiriの3属はいずれも小形で、体重は1キログラム前後。オマキザルCebus、サキPithecia、ヒゲサキChiropotes、ウアカリCacajaoの4属はより大きく、体重は2~4キログラム。このうちオマキザルを除く3属は系統的に比較的近く、サキ亜科にまとめられることがある。ホエザルAlouatta、クモザルAteles、ウーリーモンキーLagothrix、ウーリークモザルBrachytelesの4属はもっとも大形で、体重は6~11キログラムに達する。この4属はともに尾の把握力が強く、尾だけでぶら下がることができる。

 オマキザル科オマキザル属のサルは、キャプチンモンキーCapuchin monkeyあるいはカツラザルともいう。オマキザル科のなかでは中ぐらいの大きさで、体重1.1~3.3キログラム、頭胴長32~56センチメートル、体格はがっしりしている。尾は頭胴長とほぼ同長で、木の枝などに巻き付けることはできるがその把握力はクモザルやホエザルほど強くなく、尾だけでぶら下がることはできない。オマキザル属の分類はまだ混乱しているが、通常二つのグループに分ける。一つは、多数の亜種を含むが唯一種フサオマキザル(クロアタマオマキザルともいう)C. apellaにまとめられている。このグループは頭冠部前方に暗色の長い直立した毛が密に生え、この毛はしばしば二つの角(つの)のようにみえる房状をなしている。第二のグループは、頭にこのような房毛がなく、ノドジロオマキザルC. capucinus、シロガオオマキザルC. albifrons、ナキガオオマキザルC. nigrivittatusの3種を含む。オマキザル属は、中央アメリカからアルゼンチン北部まで非常に広く分布する。他のオマキザル科の多くは熱帯降雨林にのみ生息し、もっぱら樹上生活をするのに対し、この属のサルは熱帯降雨林以外のさまざまな植生環境にも生息し、地上で活動することもまれではない。オマキザル属のサルはバラエティーに富んだ食性を示し、他の新世界ザルが利用しないものも食物とする。たとえば、ヤシの実、トカゲ、カエル、鳥の雛(ひな)や卵なども食べる。オマキザルはいずれの種も、普通いわゆる複雄群タイプの集団で生活し、母系の社会構造をもつことが明らかにされている。これまでに知られる最大の集団は35頭である。

[西邨顕達]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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