Alfred Tarski

Japanese: タルスキー - たるすきー(英語表記)Alfred Tarski
Alfred Tarski

Polish-born American logician. He studied under Stanisław Leśniewski (1886-1939) and Lukasiewicz at the University of Warsaw. He became a naturalized American citizen in 1945 and served as a professor at the University of California for many years.

He was the founder of model theory, and especially after moving to the United States, he trained many disciples in this field and became a leading figure in the West Coast logic world, but what made him internationally famous as a young man was the publication of "The Concept of Truth in Formal Languages" in 1931. In this paper, he dealt with the famous "liar's paradox" and showed that as long as we use the Aristotelian concept of truth "the correspondence between expression and state of affairs," this paradox cannot be resolved without distinguishing between meta (higher) language and object language. He has worked on many problems and left his achievements in the form of papers, such as the problem of decidability, the problem of the relationship between the axioms of set theory, especially the problem of inreachable numbers, and the application of algebra to logic. His books include "Logic, Semantics, and Metamathematics" (1956), which is a collection of his work from his early years.

[Natsuhiko Yoshida October 20, 2015]

[References] | Semantics | Lukasiewicz

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ポーランド生まれのアメリカの論理学者。ワルシャワ大学で、レスニエウスキーStanisław Leśniewski(1886―1939)、ルカシェービチに学ぶ。1945年アメリカに帰化、カリフォルニア大学教授を長く務めた。

 モデル理論の創始者であり、とくにアメリカに移って以後、この方面で弟子を多数養成し、西海岸論理学界の大御所的存在になったが、若いときの彼を国際的に有名にしたのは、1931年に出版の『形式的言語における真理概念』である。この論文で、彼は、昔から有名だった「うそつきのパラドックス」を扱い、アリストテレス的な「表現と事態の一致」という真理概念を使う限り、メタ(高次)言語と対象言語を区別しなくては、このパラドックスを解決することはできないことを示した。決定可能性の問題、集合論の公理の関連の問題、とくに、到達不能数の問題、代数学の論理学への応用の問題など、彼が手がけて論文の形で業績を残している問題は数多い。著書に、若いころの成果を集めた『論理・意味論・メタ数学』(1956)などがある。

[吉田夏彦 2015年10月20日]

[参照項目] | 意味論 | ルカシェービチ

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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