In Japan, rice, wheat, and barley are called staple grains, and other grains are collectively called miscellaneous grains. Miscellaneous grains are less important as food than staple grains, and are produced in small quantities. However, this distinction differs from country to country. For example, in the United States, corn is produced in large quantities and is treated as the staple grain, while rice is included in the miscellaneous grains. In Japan, the types of miscellaneous grains include rye, oats, corn, foxtail millet, barnyard millet, sorghum, finger millet, and pearl barley from the Poaceae family, as well as buckwheat from the Polygonaceae family and Amaranthaceae. Furthermore, legumes are sometimes included in the miscellaneous grains, and in Japan, these include soybeans, kidney beans, adzuki beans, cowpeas, peas, and peanuts. Miscellaneous grains were traditionally used as a supplement or substitute for staple foods, but now that there is a sufficient supply of staple grains, they are mainly used as feed, industrial raw materials, or raw materials for processed foods. In Japan, demand for minor grains such as foxtail millet, barnyard millet, common millet, and finger millet, which have low productivity and low utility value, has gradually decreased, and they are hardly cultivated at all. [Hoshikawa Kiyochika] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
日本では米、ムギ、オオムギを主穀とよび、それ以外の穀物を雑穀と総称している。雑穀は主穀に比べて食糧としての重要性が低く、生産量も少ない。しかし、この区別は国によって異なり、たとえばアメリカでは、トウモロコシは生産量が多く主穀として扱われ、米(イネ)は雑穀に含まれる。日本における雑穀の種類には、イネ科のライムギ、エンバク、トウモロコシ、アワ、ヒエ、キビ、モロコシ、シコクビエ、ハトムギなどと、タデ科のソバ、ヒユ科のセンニンコクなどがある。さらにマメ類も雑穀に含めることがあり、日本ではダイズ、インゲンマメ、アズキ、ササゲ、エンドウ、ラッカセイなどがある。雑穀は、従来は主食の補助や代用として利用されたが、主穀の供給が十分ある現在では、主として飼料や工業原料、あるいは加工食品の原料として利用されている。また、日本では、アワ、ヒエ、キビ、シコクビエなど生産力が低く利用価値も低い雑穀はしだいに需要が減り、ほとんど栽培されなくなってきている。 [星川清親] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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