Italian composer. Born in Pizino (central Istria, now Pazin, Slovenia) in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, he was forced to emigrate en masse to Graz, Austria as an enemy alien during World War I. In Graz, he experienced discrimination due to being a minority, but he also became familiar with German music and opened his eyes to classical literature. In 1922, he entered the Cherubini Conservatory in Florence. There, he was inspired by hearing Pierrot Lunaire conducted by Schoenberg. He began working as a pianist while still a student, and produced early masterpieces such as Michelangelo Choral Works (1933-1936). In 1933, he met Berg and Webern, and adopted the twelve-tone technique (twelve-tone music) in his opera Night Flight (1938, based on an original work by Saint-Exupéry). Meanwhile, the hardships he shared with his Jewish wife during World War II, along with his experiences of oppression as a boy, crystallized into the theme of a desire for freedom. While his works are based on twelve-tone technique, they are also rich in melody and lyricism, and combined with his deep knowledge of classical literature, they form a unique dramatic style. His subsequent major works include The Captive Songs (1938-1941) for mixed chorus and instrumental ensemble, the opera The Captives (1948), Five Songs for baritone and eight instruments (1956), and the opera Odysseus (1967-1968). →Scherchen/Berio Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
イタリアの作曲家。オーストリア・ハンガリー二重帝国領のピジーノ(イストラ半島中部,現スロベニア領パジン)に生まれ,第1次世界大戦中は敵国人としてオーストリアのグラーツへ集団強制移住させられる。グラーツでは少数民族ゆえの差別を体験するが,一方でドイツ音楽に親しみ,古典文学に開眼。1922年フィレンツェのケルビーニ音楽院に入学。同地でシェーンベルクが指揮する《ピエロ・リュネール》を聴き,感化を受ける。在学中からピアノ奏者として活動し,《ミケランジェロ合唱曲集》(1933年−1936年)など初期傑作を発表。1933年ベルク,ウェーベルンに会い,オペラ《夜間飛行》(1938年,原作サンテグジュペリ)などで12音技法(十二音音楽)を採用。一方,第2次世界大戦中ユダヤ人の妻と共にした苦難は,少年期の被抑圧体験とともに,自由への希求というテーマに結晶した。作品は12音技法を核にしながらも豊かな旋律と抒情にあふれ,古典文学の深い素養と相まって独自の劇的様式を形づくる。その後の主要作品に,混声合唱と器楽アンサンブルのための《とらわれの歌》(1938年−1941年),オペラ《とらわれ人》(1948年),バリトンと8楽器のための《5つの歌》(1956年),オペラ《オデュッセウス》(1967年−1968年)など。→シェルヘン/ベリオ
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