A Turkish and Mongolian term referring to a seal or commercial tax. There are four main examples: (1) The seal of the khan of the Turko-Mongolian nomadic state in Inner Asia. The person in charge of these seals was called tamgaci (seal official), and this title already appears in Turkic inscriptions from the 8th century. In the 13th century Mongol Empire, the khan's seal was called al-tamga (red seal). (2) A brand placed by Turko-Mongolian nomads in Inner Asia on their horses and other livestock to identify their owners. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
トルコ語,モンゴル語で印章,商税を指す用語。用例としては主として次の4種類があげられる。(1)内陸アジアのトルコ・モンゴル系遊牧国家のハーンの印章。この印章をつかさどる者をタムガチ(印章官)と呼ぶが,この職名はすでに8世紀の突厥(とつくつ)碑文に見える。13世紀のモンゴル帝国ではハーンの印章はアル・タムガ(紅印)と呼ばれた。(2)内陸アジアのトルコ・モンゴル系遊牧民がその所有する馬などの家畜に所有者を明らかにするために付した烙印。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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