Danjodai - Danjodai

A police agency under the ryo system. Responsible for policing public morals and cracking down on violations. Its Japanese name is pronounced "Tadasu Tsukasa," and its Tang name was Gyoshidai. The Tang Dynasty's Gyoshidai had three branches: Taiyuan, Denyuan, and Chouyuan, but Japan's Danjodai was mainly modeled on the duties of Taiyuan. Its staff was based on a four-rank system, with one chief minister and one inn, and later this position was often given to princes. Originally there was only one vice chief, but it was eventually divided into daihitsu and shohitsu. The judges were one Daichu and one Shochu, the chief clerks were one Daiso and one Shoso, and under them were ten Junsatsu Danjo (equivalent to modern-day constables), six Shisho (history officers), 30 Tsukaibe (messages), and two Jikicho (direct officers). After the Kebiishi (police officers) were established during the Kōnin era (810-824), the duties of the Danjodai were gradually absorbed.

It was established in 1869 (Meiji 2) to replace the Inspector General of the Criminal Law, with Michitaka Kujo as its Chief (Yun) and Shigemasa Ikeda (former lord of Okayama Domain) as its Vice Chief (Osuke). It was abolished in 1871.

[Naohiko Watanabe]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

令(りょう)制の警察機関。風俗の粛正と非違の取締りにあたる。和名では「ただすつかさ」と読み、唐名は御史台(ぎょしだい)という。唐の御史台には台院、殿院、察院の三院が属しているが、わが国の弾正台は主として台院の職務を模したものである。その職員は四等官(しとうかん)制で、長官(かみ)に尹(いん)1人があり、のちには多く親王の任となる。次官(すけ)の弼(ひつ)はもと1人であるが、やがて大弼、少弼に分かれる。判官(じょう)は大忠(だいちゅう)1人、少忠1人、主典(さかん)は大疏(だいそ)1人、少疏1人で、その下に現在の巡査に相当する巡察弾正10人や史生(ししょう)6人、使部(つかいべ)30人、直丁(じきちょう)2人などが所属する。弘仁(こうにん)年間（810～824）に検非違使(けびいし)が置かれてからは、弾正台の職務はしだいに吸収された。

　1869年（明治2）刑法官監察司にかわり設置され、長官（尹）に九条道孝、次官（大弼）に池田茂政（前岡山藩主）が任命された。71年廃止。

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