Spirit house - Tamaya

Japanese: 霊屋 - たまや
Spirit house - Tamaya

In ancient times, after a person died, close relatives would stay in a hut until the burial. The details are unclear, but it is likely that they lived in seclusion with the deceased, grieved the death, and prevented the spread of the impurity of death. Such huts were called mausoleums, mourning huts, or mortuary palaces. In the case of aristocrats and powerful families, it is assumed that they spent the time spent building the ancient tombs, but this period does not necessarily match. The custom of staying in a mourning hut disappeared early on, and it is assumed that the various wake ceremonies today are a variation of this custom. Similarly, there are still facilities above graves called mausoleums, which are thought to be a formalization of the mourning hut. The current custom of mausoleums is a hut-shaped structure placed over the burial site, and contains items such as noihai (a memorial tablet), lanterns, water, and incense. Some have only a simple roof, while others are square or hexagonal. In some cases, the sheath (niche) that was placed over the coffin during the funeral procession is left in place. It may be left until the 49th day, or left until it decays. It is widely known as moya, tamaya, suya, saya, hiya, yagyo, etc., but is generally more prevalent in Western Japan. In addition to the above, a mausoleum at a temple that keeps and holds the memorial tablets of parishioners is called a mausoleum. Most of these are for permanent memorial services, so even if there is a connection, it is weak.

[Shoji Inoguchi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

人の死後、埋葬するまでの間、近親者が小屋に忌み籠(ごも)ることが古代にあった。その詳細は明らかでないが、死者とともに隔離生活を送り、死を悲しむと同時に死の穢(けがれ)の拡散を防いだのであろう。その小屋を霊屋、喪屋(もや)、殯宮(もがりのみや)などといった。貴族、豪族の場合は、古墳を築造する期間を過ごした場所とも推定されるが、その期間はかならずしも一致しない。喪屋籠りの習俗は早くに消滅し、現在では通夜(つや)の諸行事が、その変化形式ではないかと推定されている。同様に現在も霊屋とよばれる墓上施設があり、喪屋の形式化したものと考えられている。現行習俗の霊屋は、埋葬した上に置く小屋形のもので、野位牌(のいはい)、灯明(とうみょう)、水、線香などを収める。簡単な屋根だけのものもあり、四角や六角のものもある。葬列で棺にかぶせたサヤ(龕(がん))をそのまま置くものもある。四十九日(しじゅうくにち)まで残したり、朽ちるまで放置したりする。モヤ、タマヤ、スヤ、サヤ、ヒヤ、ヤギョウなどとよばれて広く分布するが、概して西日本に多い。以上とは別に、寺院で檀家(だんか)の位牌を預かって供養する廟所(びょうしょ)を霊屋という。多くは永代(えいたい)供養を依頼するものであるから、関連があるとしても希薄である。

[井之口章次]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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