...For this reason, even though they are administratively separate entities, many researchers consider them to be parts of the expanded mother city. The term satellite town was first used in 1915 by GR Taylor, who advocated moving factories from large cities to their outskirts and dispersing the population, but the concept of satellite towns itself originated from the Garden City movement proposed by E. Howard in 1898. Letchworth, built in the suburbs of London in 1903, and Welwyn (built in 1919) are representative examples. After World War II, this was continued as the New Town Plan, and was reflected in the Greater London Plan, which created Crawley and Harrow, and the construction of Parly II in the Paris Plan. From Garden City...The city is also surrounded by a green belt. The second garden city, Welwyn, was also started by Howard and his associates in 1919 in the north of London. It had a planned population of 40,000 to 50,000, an area of 1,850 hectares, and one or two detached houses with gardens lined up along gently curving streets. From [Urban Planning]…This proposal had many features, such as the combination of urban and rural areas, public ownership of land, limiting population size, returning development benefits to society, self-sufficiency, and freedom and cooperation of residents. Howard's proposal was supported by many people, and two garden cities, Letchworth and Welwyn, were realized north of London. Howard's garden cities had a great influence on countries around the world, and garden cities similar to them or garden suburbs were built in various places. … From Howard...In short, the garden city he spoke of was an urban community with limited growth from the beginning, equipped with all the elements necessary for life, with a self-governing organization for management and administration, and a self-sufficient society with integrated work and residence, with industries and jobs appropriate to the population (about 30,000 people). To realize this, he established the Garden City Association in 1899, the Garden City Pioneer Company in 1902, and the First Garden City Company the following year, and built two cities, Letchworth (1904-13) and Welwyn (1913-19), north of London. He served as president of the International Association of Housing and Town Planning, and was knighted in 1927. ... *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Welwin" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…このため,行政上は別の組織体であるにせよ,あくまでも拡大された母市の一部とする研究者も少なくない。衛星都市という名称は,大都市から周辺に工場を移転させ,あわせて人口分散を図れと説いたG.R.テーラーによって,1915年に初めて用いられたものであるが,衛星都市の構想そのものは,1898年にE.ハワードが提唱した田園都市運動に由来していて,1903年にロンドン郊外に建設されたレッチワースや,これに続くウェルウィン(1919建設)はその代表的な例である。第2次大戦後はニュータウン計画となって受け継がれ,クローリーやハーローなどをつくった大ロンドン計画,パリ計画におけるパルリ・ドゥParly IIの建設などとなってあらわれている。… 【田園都市】より…また市街地の周囲をグリーンベルトで取り囲んでいる。第2の田園都市ウェルウィンWelwynは同じくハワードおよび彼の同志によりロンドンの北部に1919年に着手された。計画人口は4万~5万人,面積は1850haで,1~2戸建ての庭付住宅がゆるやかにカーブした街路に沿って並んでいる。… 【都市計画】より…この提案は,都市と農村の結合,土地の公有,人口規模の制限,開発利益の社会還元,自給自足,住民の自由と協力など,多くの特色をもつものであった。ハワードの提案は多くの人々の支持を受け,ロンドンの北方にレッチワースおよびウェルウィンの二つの田園都市が実現した。ハワードの田園都市は世界各国に大きな影響を与え,田園都市に類するもの,あるいは田園郊外garden suburbsが各地に建設された。… 【ハワード】より…彼のいう田園都市garden cityとは,要約すれば,初めから成長を限定し,かつ生活に必要なすべての要素を備えた都市的共同体であって,管理運営の自治組織をもち,人口(約3万人)に見合う産業そして職場を確保した職住一体の自己充足社会のことをさす。これを実現するため,99年田園都市協会を,1902年田園都市パイオニア会社を,ついで翌年第一田園都市会社を設立して,ロンドン北方にレッチワースLetchworth(1904‐13)とウェルウィンWelwyn(1913‐19)の二つの都市を建設。国際住宅都市計画協会総裁を務め,27年にはナイト爵を受けた。… ※「ウェルウィン」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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