Geometrical optics

Japanese: 幾何光学 - きかこうがく(英語表記)geometrical optics
Geometrical optics

A branch of optics that considers light as a collection of rays and examines the path of light and how images are formed by optical systems. The properties of light rays are described by the laws of light propagation in a straight line and refraction and reflection, and the rest is handled geometrically. Light also has properties as waves and particles, but these are not considered at all. As a result, in special cases, the results do not match reality well. When phenomena occur at dimensions larger than the wavelength of light, the results match well. The actual distance traveled by a ray of light multiplied by the refractive index of that part is called the optical distance (optical path length). When light travels from an arbitrary point to another point, the optical distance taken for the path that the light actually travels is an extreme value compared to the optical distance taken for any other path. This is called Fermat's principle.

[Kazuo Miyake]

[Reference] | Optics

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

光を光線の集合と考え、光の進路や光学系による像のでき方を調べる光学の一部門。光線の性質として、光の直進、屈折反射の法則を用い、あとは、幾何学的な考え方で取り扱う。光には波や粒子としての性質もあるが、これらについてはいっさい考えない。そのため特別な場合には、実際との一致がよくないことがおこる。光の波長に比べて大きな寸法で現象がおこるときには一致がよい。光線が実際に進む距離にその部分の屈折率を掛けた量を光学距離(光路長)という。任意の点から光が別の点に到達するとき、光が実際に通る路(みち)についてとった光学距離は、それ以外の任意の通路についてとったものに比べると極値をとる。これをフェルマーの原理という。

[三宅和夫]

[参照項目] | 光学

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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