Tabriz - Tabriz (English spelling)

Japanese: タブリーズ - たぶりーず(英語表記)Tabrīz
Tabriz - Tabriz (English spelling)

The capital of East Azerbaijan Province in northwestern Iran. It is located at the foot of Mount Sahand, at an altitude of 1,362 meters. It has a population of 1,191,043 (1996), 1,558,693 (2016 census). It has an annual rainfall of 285 mm, and is cold and snowy in winter, but bearable in summer. It is 628 km northwest of Tehran, and is a key transportation hub connecting Iran and the Anatolian region. There is a railway line connecting Tehran with Jolfa, which is on the border with Azerbaijan and Armenia. There are many Turkish residents, and they speak a Turkish language called Azeri. As it is located in an earthquake zone, it has suffered many earthquakes, including one in 1042 that reportedly killed 40,000 people. In 1866, there was a cholera epidemic that killed 100,000 people. It is known as a carpet distribution center.

[Masataka Okazaki]

history

It was located at a key transportation point from Iran to Anatolia and Georgia, but it did not develop fully until it became the capital of the Ilkhanate (1258-1353). The new city built by Rashid al-Din (1247?-1318) alone had 30,000 houses, 24 caravanserais, 1,500 shops, and 400 jurists and theologians. Its character as a commercial city and cultural center has not changed to this day. It is believed that the Turkification of the population progressed not during the Seljuk period, but during the Ilkhanate period. It became the capital of the Ak Koyunlu and Kara Koyunlu, and during the Qajar period (1779-1925), Iran's first printing shop was established there. During the Constitutional Revolution, there was an anti-government uprising, and it became the base of the movement. After World War II, it became the capital of East Azerbaijan Province, and remains one of Iran's major cities to this day.

[Kousuke Shimizu]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イラン北西部、東アゼルバイジャン州の州都。サハンド山の山麓(さんろく)、標高1362メートルの高地に位置する。人口119万1043(1996)、155万8693(2016センサス)。年降水量は285ミリメートル、冬は寒く降雪をみるが、夏はしのぎやすい。テヘランの北西628キロメートル、イランとアナトリア地方を結ぶ交通の要衝を占め、テヘランとアゼルバイジャン、アルメニアとの国境にあるジョルファを結ぶ鉄道が通じる。トルコ系住民が多く、アゼリーと称するトルコ系言語を話す。地震帯に位置するため何度も震災を受け、たとえば1042年には4万人が死亡したと伝えられている。また1866年にはコレラが流行し、10万人の死者を出した。じゅうたんの集散地として知られる。

[岡﨑正孝]

歴史

イランからアナトリア、ジョージア(グルジア)に通じる交通の要地にあったが、本格的に発展したのはイル・ハン国(1258~1353)の首都となってからである。ラシード・ウッディーン(1247?―1318)の建設した新市街だけでも、3万軒の家、24のキャラバンサライ(隊商宿)、1500軒の店があり、400人の法学者、神学者がいたという。商都であると同時に文化の中心地としての性格は、現在まで変わっていない。住民のトルコ化が進行したのも、セルジューク朝時代ではなく、イル・ハン国期であったと考えられる。アク・コユンル、カラ・コユンルの首都となり、カージャール朝(1779~1925)時代にはイラン最初の印刷所が置かれた。立憲革命期には反政府蜂起(ほうき)があり、運動の拠点となった。第二次世界大戦後、東アゼルバイジャン州の州都となり、イランの主要都市の一つとして現在に至っている。

[清水宏祐]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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