Iskra - Iskura (English spelling) Искра/Iskra

Japanese: イスクラ - いすくら(英語表記)Искра/Iskra
Iskra - Iskura (English spelling) Искра/Iskra

The first revolutionary Marxist illegal newspaper in Russia. Its name, Iskra (Spark), comes from a phrase given to Pushkin by the Decembrists: "From a spark, a flame flares up." The first editorial board included Lenin, Martov, and Potresov (1869-1934), as well as Plekhanov, Akselrod, and Zasulich from the "Liberation of Labor." The first issue was published in Leipzig in December 1900, and subsequent issues were published in Munich, London, and Geneva. The average circulation was 8,000. In an essay published in the first issue, Lenin stressed the importance of establishing a Marxist party in Russia and stressed the ideological and organizational necessity of a national newspaper. At the Second Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party in 1903, it played a decisive role in preparing the Bolshevik-style party platform and rules. In November 1903, editing was transferred to the hands of the Mensheviks, and from issue 52 it was published until issue 112 in 1905.

[Kimura Hideaki]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

革命的マルクス主義者の最初の全ロシア的な非合法新聞。イスクラ(火花)の名は、デカブリストがプーシキンに与えたことば、「火花から炎は燃えあがる」からとられたものである。最初の編集委員はレーニン、マルトフ、ポトレソフАлександр Николаевич Потресов/Aleksandr Nikolaevich Potresov(1869―1934)のほか、「労働解放」団のプレハーノフ、アクセリロード、ザスーリチ。創刊号は1900年12月にライプツィヒで、2号以下発行地はミュンヘン、ロンドン、ジュネーブと移った。平均発行部数8000。レーニンは創刊号掲載論文で、ロシアにおけるマルクス主義政党の創立の重要性を説き、全国的新聞の思想的、組織的必要性を主張した。03年のロシア社会民主労働党第2回大会に際しては、ボリシェビキ的な党の綱領と規約を準備して決定的役割を果たした。03年11月、メンシェビキの手に編集が移り、52号以降05年112号まで発行された。

[木村英亮]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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