Tupac Amaru

Japanese: トゥパック･アマルー（英語表記）Túpac Amaru

?-1572
The last Inca emperor. After the collapse of the empire, he was the youngest son of Manco Inca, who resisted Spanish rule from his base in Vilcabamba, north of Cusco, and succeeded to the throne. When he took over actual command after the death of his brother Titu Cusi, the Inca's military strength had weakened and they could no longer expect support from various places as before, and they were isolated in the forests of Vilcabamba. He was captured by a punitive force sent by Viceroy Toledo and executed in Cusco, bringing the Inca imperial line to an end. [Tomoeda Hiroyasu]

Tupac Amaru

1741‐81
In the late colonial period, José Gabriel Condorcanqui was the leader of a large-scale Indian rebellion that broke out in the Cusco region of Peru under the Spanish Viceroyalty. His real name was José Gabriel Condorcanqui. He was a local curaca (chief) and a wealthy mestizo who ran a transport business, but he claimed to be the legitimate descendant of the Inca emperor and took the name Tupac Amaru. He demanded the abolition of forced labor (mita, obraje) of indigenous people in mines and textile factories, and planned a rebellion against the oppression of local administrators (1780).

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

？‐1572
最後のインカ皇帝。帝国の崩壊後クスコ北方のビルカバンバを根拠地にしてスペイン支配に抵抗したマンコ･インカの末子で，帝位を継承した。兄のティトゥ･クシの死後に実際の指揮権を受け継いだときには，インカの戦力は衰え，以前のように各地からの支援も期待できない状況にあり，ビルカバンバの森林地に孤立した。副王トレドの派遣した討伐隊に捕らえられ，クスコで処刑され，インカの皇統が絶えた。【友枝啓泰】

トゥパック･アマルー【Túpac Amaru】

1741‐81
植民地時代末期，スペイン副王領ペルーのクスコ地方に起きた大規模なインディオ反乱の指導者。本名コンドルカンキJosé Gabriel Condorcanqui。一地方のクラカ(首長)で，輸送業を営む裕福なメスティソであったが，正統なインカ皇帝の子孫と主張してトゥパック･アマルーを名のり，原住民の鉱山や織物工場での強制労働(ミタ，オブラヘ)の廃止を要求し，地方行政官の圧政に対する反乱を企てた(1780)。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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