A general term for the gold and silver mines of Izu Province that flourished from the end of the 16th century to the beginning of the 17th century. Of the various mines, Toi (Izu City, Shizuoka Prefecture) and Nawaji (Kawazu Town, Kamo County) were the most prosperous, with other mines including Yugashima (Izu City) and Uryuno (Izu City). Mining in Toi began around 1577 (Tensho 5), making it the oldest of the Izu gold mines, and it prospered for 50 years. In particular, it flourished after Okubo Nagayasu took over from the magistrate Hikosaka Motomasa in 1606 (Keicho 11), and the red-light district was so prosperous that it was said to have had "a thousand houses in Toi." Nawaji prospered as a producer of bullion for Keicho oban and koban coins, and at its peak it is said to have had 8,000 households. Uryuno was part of the Ohito mine, and like Yugashima, it was developed during the Keicho era (1596-1615). Gold miners from all over the country flocked to the Izu gold mine for its development, but its prosperity was short-lived, and as early as 1607 (Keicho 12), a crocodile bell was donated by Okubo Nagayasu to the mountain god of Nawaji and Ikonahime Shrine in Shirahama, praying for the prosperity and restoration of the gold mine. Kegurano and Aono (Minamiizu Town, Kamo County) began production in the Genroku and Hoei eras (1688-1711), and flourished during the Tenmei era (1781-89) by producing gold and copper, but soon went into decline. Toi was fully re-excavated after the Meiji era, but closed in 1965. Nawaji was also in operation after the Taisho era, but closed in 1971. [Nao Murakami] [Reference item] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
16世紀末から17世紀初期に繁栄した伊豆国の金銀山の総称。諸山のうち土肥(とい)(静岡県伊豆市)と縄地(なわじ)(賀茂(かも)郡河津(かわづ)町)がもっとも盛大であり、ほかに湯ヶ島(伊豆市)、瓜生野(うりゅうの)(伊豆市)などの金山があった。土肥は1577年(天正5)ころから採掘が始まり伊豆金山ではいちばん古く、50年にわたり繁栄した。とくに1606年(慶長11)に代官頭彦坂元正(ひこさかもとまさ)にかわって大久保長安(ながやす)が管轄してから活況を呈し、遊女町など「土肥千軒」といわれたほど繁盛した。縄地は慶長大判・小判の地金産地として繁栄し、最盛期には戸数が8000軒もあったという。瓜生野は大仁(おおひと)鉱山の一部で、湯ヶ島と同じく慶長(けいちょう)年間(1596~1615)に開発された。伊豆金山の開発には諸国から金掘りが集まったが、栄えたのはきわめて短期間であり、1607年(慶長12)に早くも大久保長安が縄地の山神や白浜の伊古奈比咩(いこなひめ)神社へ金山の繁盛と復興を祈願して奉納した鰐口(わにぐち)が現存している。毛倉野(けぐらの)や青野(賀茂郡南伊豆町)は元禄(げんろく)・宝永(ほうえい)年間(1688~1711)に始まり、金や銅を産して天明(てんめい)年間(1781~89)に隆盛となったが、まもなく衰退した。土肥は明治以降に本格的に再掘されたが、1965年(昭和40)に閉山。縄地も大正以降に稼業されたが、71年に同じく閉山した。 [村上 直] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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